This paper presents a new silicon solar cell device simulator that models two-dimensional effects entirely within a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, by implementing an iterative solution of cell formulas containing circular references. The easy-to-understand user interface for problem setup and evaluation makes this 2D program a natural companion to PC1D. The solution region is divided into a 20-by-20 grid of rectangular finite elements. Each spreadsheet entry represents the value of a solution variable at a node. This makes it easy to plot 1D or 2D graphs of the variables using the built-in spreadsheet graphic functions. The complex physics in the near-surface region is replaced by surface boundary conditions using a version of the conductive-boundary model recently published by Brendel. Example device simulations will be shown and explained for a selective-emitter (SE) cell, an emitter-wrap-through (EWT) cell, and an interdigitated-backcontact (IBC) cell.The above text is an abstract of a manuscript initially published in the IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics.View the full manuscript at
We present characterization results for a 5 million pixel CMOS image sensor designed for high speed applications. This sensor is capable of outputting 14 frames per second and incorporates on-chip 12-bit digitization. We present measurements of system gain, read noise, dark current, charge capacity, linearity, photo response non-uniformity, defects, and quantum efficiency. The image sensor incorporates exposure control functionality, windowing, on-chip binning, anti-blooming capability and rolling shutter architecture to implement image capture mode. The results show a favorable aspect of the ability to achieve high speed, high resolution, and very good sensitivity in a monolithic CMOS sensor. Architecture tradeoffs for high speed imaging systems utilizing CCDs and CMOS sensors are also presented.
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