In recent years, innovation in wearable health monitors has surged from significant 30 advances in flexible sensory arrays, wireless technologies, and scaled low-power electronics. Such 31 biometric monitoring devices are critical for continuous monitoring of body vitals and health 32 conditions as means of care for advanced personalized healthcare. Still, widespread deployment of 33 such devices are far more remote due to affordability (viz. complex materials and processes induced 34 higher price), low sensitivity, selectivity, recovery and disposability. Therefore, in addition to 35 functionality, accuracy, comfort and convenience, affordability and accessibility are critical need for 36 the wide adaptation of its benefits. Here we show an integration strategy to rationally design an ultra-37 low cost health monitoring device, a "Paper Watch", using recyclable household materials: non-38 functionalized papers. Its unusual simplicity in manufacturing and in daily use, gives it unprecedented 39
The size dependence of the dielectric constants of barium titanate or other ferroelectric particles can be explored by embedding particles into an epoxy matrix whose dielectric constant can be measured directly. However, to extract the particle dielectric constant requires a model of the composite medium. We compare a finite element model for various volume fractions and particle arrangements to several effective medium approximations, which do not consider particle arrangement explicitly. For a fixed number of particles, the composite dielectric constant increases with the degree of agglomeration, and we relate this increase to the number of regions of enhanced electric field along the applied field between particles in an agglomerate. Additionally, even for dispersed particles, we find that the composite method of assessing the particle dielectric constant may not be effective if the particle dielectric constant is too high compared to the background medium dielectric constant.
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