Recyclable Nonfunctionalized Paper‐Based Ultralow‐Cost Wearable Health Monitoring System

Nassar, Joanna M.; Mishra, Kush; Lau, Kirklann; Aguirre-Pablo, Andrés A.; Hussain, Muhammad Mustafa

doi:10.1002/admt.201600228

Cited by 67 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…The salt water drops had no effect on the output of the sensor. The momentary drop in capacitance was due to the proximity of the hand holding the pipette full of salt water [56][57][58]. The capacitance returns its original value after the hand is moved away from the sensor.…”

Section: Bending Pressure Temperature and Humidity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Analysis and Human Tests of Foil-Based Wheezing Monitoring System for Asthma Detection

Khan

Qaiser

Shaikh

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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We present a flexible acoustic sensor that has been designed to detect wheezing (a common symptom of asthma) while attached to the chest of a human. We adopted a parallel plate capacitive structure using air as the dielectric material. The pressure (acoustic) waves from wheezing vibrate the top diaphragm of the structure, thereby, changing the output capacitance. The sensor is designed such that it resonates in the frequency range of wheezing (100-1000Hz) which presents twofold benefits. The resonance results in large deflection of the diaphragm that eradicates the need for using signal amplifiers (used in microphones). Secondly, the design itself acts as a low pass filter to reduce the effect of background noise which mostly lies in >1000Hz frequency range. The resulting analog interface is minimal and thus, consumes less power and occupies less space. The sensor is made up of low-cost sustainable materials (aluminum foil) which greatly reduces the cost and complexity of manufacturing processes. A robust wheezing detection (Matched filter) algorithm is used to identify different types of wheezing sounds among the noisy signals originating from the chest that lie in the same frequency range as wheezing. The sensor is connected to a smartphone via Bluetooth, enabling signal processing and further integration into digital medical electronic systems based on the Internet of Things (IoT). Bending, cyclic pressure, heat, and sweat tests are performed on the sensor to evaluate its performance in simulated real-life harsh conditions.

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Section: Bending Pressure Temperature and Humidity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Analysis and Human Tests of Foil-Based Wheezing Monitoring System for Asthma Detection

Khan

Qaiser

Shaikh

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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“…In recent years, flexible electronics have been extensively investigated to break through the intrinsic limitations of rigid electronics, leading to the realization of unprecedented form factors for unconventional user experiences . This is because of the lightweight, portable, and human‐friendly interface characteristics of the flexible devices.…”

Section: Flexible Memristive Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconventional Inorganic‐Based Memristive Devices for Advanced Intelligent Systems

Sung

Kim

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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The latest progresses in software engineering such as cloud computing, big data analysis, and machine learning have accelerated the emergence of advanced intelligent systems (AIS). However, the current computing system has significant challenges in dealing with unstructured data (e.g., image, voice, physiological signals) because the von‐Neumann bottleneck induces latency and power consumption issues. Neuromorphic computing, which imitates the behaviors of neuron and synapse within the biological neural network, is considered a promising solution beyond von‐Neumann architecture, since its collocated structure of processor and memory enables parallel processing of unstructured data with remarkable efficiency. Memristors are considered as next‐generation nonvolatile memory devices due to fast speed, low power, and excellent scalability. However, a low reliability and leakage current issues remain as obstacle to the commercialization of memristors. Memristive devices have been widely investigated as a strong candidate for artificial synapses since their resistance modulation characteristics under electrical stimulus are analogous to the plasticity of the brain synapse. Although emulation of synaptic behavior by single memristor cells is demonstrated by many researchers, the development of fully functional memristive neural network requires further investigations. This paper introduces the recent advances and developments in the field of inorganic‐based unconventional memristive devices for future AIS applications.

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“…Their goal is mainly to reduce the cost and manufacturing complexity of LOC devices, but unique beneficial characteristics have also been revealed, such as the mechanical flexibility of the LOC platform. Due to its accessibility, flexibility, and desired porosity, which leads to enhanced sensitivity and faster fluid flow (namely, reduced surface tension), paper has been extensively studied and used as a host platform and active material for several types of LoC devices, including sensors, actuators, microfluidic devices, and health monitoring and diagnostic systems . Therefore, interest in paper‐based LOC devices has been significantly increasing as they display the potential to be faster, cheaper, and more multiplexed than the current analysis systems …”

Section: Paper‐based Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Whitesides and co‐workers demonstrated the development of micro total analysis systems on paper, where printed electronics and microfluidic structures are integrated into a stacking assembly, along with the incorporation of off‐the‐shelf IC components for system functionality . In a subsequent study, Nassar et al further showed the successful integration capability of paper‐based sensors into a fully autonomous and wearable ultralow‐cost medical diagnostic system, referred to as the “Paper Watch,” capable of continuously monitoring various vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and skin hydration …”

Section: Paper‐based Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMOS Enabled Microfluidic Systems for Healthcare Based Applications

et al. 2018

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additional parts, such as syringe pumps, control valves, and microscopes, which not only increase the complexity and cost of the system but also create a dependence of the system on a laboratorybased environment. Technology has now advanced so much that there are fully integrated sample-in-results-out chips for genetic analysis, [8] sensors that can detect a handful of molecules, and many other similar systems. [9] Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated LOC systems can be developed using CMOS technologies as sensors, signal conditioners, data processing circuitry, actuators, and wireless communication capabilities. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] CMOS is a set of microfabrication and nanofabrication processes, which is used to manufacture semiconductor chips present inside computer, smartphone, or any electronic gadgets. Consequently, these chips are referred to as CMOS enabled or CMOS based chips. CMOS based chips can act as a processor, memory, and digital logic circuitry for data management. In this review, we will discuss how CMOS based devices have enabled both management of data from microfluidic devices as well as sensors and actuators to help complement the functionality of LOC devices. CMOS logics are simple to make, and consume little to no current in idle state. With the advancements in Moore's law we have seen the size of CMOS devices getting smaller and smaller allowing for more functionality to fit in a smaller area. [18] CMOS plays a significant role in the realization of portable and versatile microfluidic platforms by integrating them with microscale sensors, interfaces, and actuators to form autonomous hybrid systems. [10,12,16] Adding interface electronics to the same CMOS chip as sensors, actuators, data processing, and communication capabilities creates a universal platform for LOC technologies. Having signal amplification and noise removal right at the sensor interface without any signal loss makes the device output more accurate and sensitive, and also removes parasitic and mismatch errors. [1] By using CMOScompatible processes, it is possible to interface directly with the readout circuitry to form an integrated circuit system on a single chip. Signal acquisition from a large array of sensors to a single system requires a complex integration scheme, but CMOS microfabrication processes enable the integration of analogue multiplexers with biosensors on small dice. [19] CMOS also has the capability to actuate pumps and valves in microfluidic devices or to directly influence the fluid itself using electric With the increased global population, it is more important than ever to expand accessibility to affordable personalized healthcare. In this context, a seamless integration of microfluidic technology for bioanalysis and drug delivery and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology enabled data-management circuitry is critical. Therefore, here, the fundamentals, integration aspects, and applications of CMOS-enabled microfluidic systems for affordable persona...

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Recyclable Nonfunctionalized Paper‐Based Ultralow‐Cost Wearable Health Monitoring System

Cited by 67 publications

References 25 publications

Design Analysis and Human Tests of Foil-Based Wheezing Monitoring System for Asthma Detection

Design Analysis and Human Tests of Foil-Based Wheezing Monitoring System for Asthma Detection

Unconventional Inorganic‐Based Memristive Devices for Advanced Intelligent Systems

CMOS Enabled Microfluidic Systems for Healthcare Based Applications

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