The growing magnitude of restaurant food waste undermines the environmental sustainability of the global sector of food service provision. The challenge of restaurant food waste is of particular concern for transitional and developing economies where food consumption out of home is becoming increasingly popular. In these markets, a large share of restaurant food waste comes from customer plates, which highlights changes to consumer behaviour as an important mitigation opportunity. Little is however known about how these behavioural changes can be activated and subsequently reinforced. This study explores the prerequisites of consumer involvement in mitigating restaurant food waste in Poland, a transitional economy in East-Central Europe. It tests the role of such prerequisites of pro-environmental consumer behaviour as public environmental knowledge, environmental concern, anticipated regret and pro-environmental behaviour at home in shaping positive customer attitudes towards the need to mitigate restaurant food waste with a subsequent trigger of behavioural intentions to engage in mitigation. The study offers policy and management recommendations on how these behavioural intentions can be reinforced.

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Purpose. The article addresses the issue of choosing optimal communication methods for enterprises operating on the tourist service market with buyers of services in conditions of competition and a constantly changing environment. The aim of this study is to present the evaluation of effectiveness of selected promotional activities used by ski resorts in Poland on the example of Kotelnica Białczańska Ski Resort in Białka Tatrzańska. Method. To achieve the purpose of the work,field studies such as survey interviews were carried out among randomly selected 1,236 tourists – skiers, snowboarders and other people staying at the Kotelnica Białczańska Ski Resort. The group of respondents from Poland consisted of 1,159 people and from abroad, 77 individuals. The research was conducted during the 2014/2015 ski season. The questionnaire included e.g. issues related to the motives for choosing the studied ski resort as a place for skiing or snowboarding, the sources of knowledge about this ski resort and the promotional activities used by managers of the studied enterprise. Findings. In conclusion, it was stated e.g., that nowadays, the most important source from which current and potential customers get information about ski resorts is the opinion of their friends and family members. The second most important source of information is the Internet. However, promotional activities used intraditional media, despite the fact that they cover a significant part of the marketing budget, bring significantly weaker results than the opinion sand recommendations of friends or Internet marketing. Research and conclusions limitations. Exploratory research. Selected promotional activities were evaluated in the article. The author mainly focused on the activities used in traditional media. Practical implications. The results can be used in the management of ski resorts in Poland and abroad as well as by other tourist enterprises and local authorities. Originality. The article fills a gap concerning shortage of domestic scientific literature on the promotional activities used by commercial enterprises operating on the tourist service market. Type of paper. Empirical research.

Abstract Hiking, downhill skiing and snowboarding are among the most popular forms of active tourism in mountainous areas. Their popularity and their mass scale do not only result from the presence of the appropriate landscape, but also from its appropriate development. The objective of the article is to attempt to assess the attractiveness of selected Central European countries in terms of winter sports and mountain hiking, to consider the opinions of students who live in Visegrad Group countries, as well as to evaluate the barriers to development of their competitive offers. According to respondents, the most attractive countries for winter sports are Austria and Slovakia, and the least attractive are Hungary, Romania and Lithuania. In turn, according to the students, the best conditions for mountain hiking are in Slovakia, Austria, the Czech Republic and Poland. In addition, respondents from particular countries assessed domestic offers highly.

Celem artykułu jest próba dokonania oceny sytuacji rozwojowej i funkcjonalnej 19 stacji narciarskich polskich Karpat. Do osiągnięcia celu pracy przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą zdolności przewozowej urządzeń wyciągowych i liczby miejsc noclegowych w 2012 i 2020 roku w badanych stacjach narciarskich oraz posłużono się klasyfikacją miejscowości ze względu na długość pobytu turystów, wskaźnikiem określającym miejsce turystyki w strukturze funkcjonalnej miejscowości, wskaźnikiem przedstawiającym możliwości recepcyjne miejscowości w sezonie zimowym i wskaźnikiem ukazującym miejsce turystyki narciarskiej w strukturze funkcji turystycznej stacji narciarskiej. W polskich Karpatach następuje jakościowy rozwój infrastruktury narciarskiej. W latach 2012–2020 pod względem zagospodarowania dla narciarstwa zjazdowego najbardziej rozwinęły się Szczyrk, Białka Tatrzańska, Krynica i Tylicz. Największy przyrost miejsc noclegowych miał miejsce w podhalańskich stacjach narciarskich, w szczególności w Zakopanem, Białce Tatrzańskiej i Bukowinie Tatrzańskiej. Wydzielono także dziewięć grup miejscowości, różniących się stopniem wyposażenia w bazę narciarską, poziomem rozwoju bazy noclegowej, specyfiką czasową ruchu turystycznego w sezonie zimowym oraz relacjami funkcjonalnymi z miejscowościami turystycznymi położonymi w ich sąsiedztwie. Wśród nich pierwszoplanowe miejsca zajmują: Zakopane, Krynica, Szczyrk, Wisła, Białka Tatrzańska i Bukowina Tatrzańska.