No abstract

Streszczenie: Celem artykułu jest analiza wpływu innowacji popytowych i podażowych na zatrudnienie w przedsiębiorstwach w województwie podlaskim. W pierwszej części przedstawiono zagadnienia teoretyczne dotyczące innowacji wyróżnionych ze względu na źródło ich powstawania (proces tworzenia innowacji popytowych i podażowych), a także ich związku ze zmianami na rynku pracy. W części empirycznej zaprezentowano wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych na 200 przedsiębiorstwach województwa podlaskiego. Ankietowani przedsiębiorcy deklarowali liczbę nowo zatrudnianych pracowników w 2018 roku, a następnie dane te zestawiono z rodzajem wdrażanych przez te podmioty innowacji. Do zbadania związku pomiędzy tymi zmiennymi wykorzystano współczynnik kontyngencji. Ich analiza pozwala stwierdzić, iż w województwie podlaskim większy wpływ na zwiększanie liczby miejsc pracy ma wprowadzanie innowacji popytowych niż podażowych. Słowa kluczowe: działalność innowacyjna, innowacje popytowe, innowacje podażowe, województwo podlaskie, zatrudnienie.

Aim -The study aimed at defining the role of innovation as a factor related to shaping the regional labor market. The Author, based on the results of the available data, attempted to define the relation between innovative activity companies and employment and to verify the hypothesis that the implementation of innovation has influence on the increase of working positions and results in a change in the structure of employment in the region.Research methodology -The paper presents selected data from the Central Statistical Office, including mainly the results concerning the outlays on R&D, the activity of companies in Podlaskie voivodeship, and employment, including the division into PKD sections from 2007. On the basis of the conducted study there was conducted analysis of the impact that the implementation of innovations in particular sections has had on the increase of employment in them.Result -The influence of innovation on employment is connected to so-called creative destruction, which means that on the one hand innovation destroys existing working positions, but on the other hand it creates new ones -more specialized and requiring new knowledge.Originality/value -The analysis of the impact of implementing innovations on the employment level in particular sections of Podlaskie voivodeship.

Goal-Identification of actions which make up innovative processes in confectionery enterprises. Research methodology-The entities selected for the study fulfill two criteria: they are Polish enterprises operating in the confectionery industry (entities with dominant equity, with headquarters in Poland) and have market shares of at least 5% (measured by the value of sales revenues in 2017 at the minimum level of PLN 100 million). All the companies which met the above criteria were identified; then ten enterprises were chosen from that group. The research was carried out with the help of a survey questionnaire. Score-Innovative processes usually begin with research on consumer needs, which indicates the use of a demand innovation model. Furthermore, the more actions an innovative process comprises, the less willingly it is used by enterprises. Originality/Value-The paper has a cognitive value of the innovation process models used by confectionery enterprises. The author proposes a modification to the current model.

Purpose – Measurement and evaluation of the effectiveness of R&D expenditure in Poland and comparison of this amount to selected European countries.Research method – The effectiveness of R&D expenditure was measured using the non-parametric DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method, which is result-oriented, since the goal of the R&D sector is to maximize the effects. In this paper, a model was created to determine the effectiveness of R&D expenditure in relation to the effects in the form of: the number of scientific publications, the number of patent applications submitted to the EPO and the export of high-tech products per 1 million euros of R&D expenditure.Results – The overall efficiency index for Poland was 0.6925 and was slightly higher than the average for the countries in the study group (0.682). In the efficiency ranking Poland was ranked 12th. The only country that was fully efficient was Germany. Second place was taken by France (0.815), and third place by Italy (0.7825).Originality / value / implications / recommendations– The paper presents a comprehensive analysis, evaluation and comparison of the effectiveness of R&D expenditure in Poland in relation to European countries using the DEA method, taking into account three effects, i.e.: the number of publications, the number of patent applications and exports of high-tech products.