The Lapindo mudflow disaster in East Java Province, or also known as LUSI (LUmpur “mud”-SIdoarjo) has become spectacular longest ongoing disaster in recent memory since 2006. The utilization of volcanic Lapindo mud could be the promising solution to prevent further environmental damage. The chemical composition of Lapindo mud contained of 44.1% SiO2, 23.7% Fe2O3, 13% Al2O3, 7.02% CaO, 5.35% MoO3, 2.53% K2O, 1.84% TiO2 and 0.7% Na2O. Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) or “alum” have been widely used as coagulation compound in water treatment, paper and textiles industry. Aluminium sulfate can be synthesized from aluminium oxide (Al2O3) from Lapindo mud with acidic solutions (H2SO4). The aim of this work was to synthesize aluminum sulfate from Lapindo mud by using extraction process. The impact of H2SO4 concentration and heating time to the production of aluminium sulfate have been investigated. The results showed that the aluminium sulfate can be synthesized from Lapindo mud by using H2SO4. Based on XRF analysis, the variation of heating time and H2SO4 concentration affect the aluminium sulfate conversion. The increasing of heating time and H2SO4 concentration directly enhance the conversion until reach the optimum condition. The optimum condition for aluminium sulfate synthesis from Lapindo mud (75.78% conversion) was found to be 90 min for heating time with H2SO4 concentration of 80%
Corbula faba Hinds or white mussel is one of the marine organisms easily found around Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. The main component of its shell is chitin that can be derivate to chitosan. Chitosan is widely used especially in the water treatment process as a coagulant due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, chitosan produced from white mussel shells was used as a coagulant for treated Surabaya River water. The initial value of TSS in the sample water was 373.0 mg/L whereas TDS was 59.5 mg/L. The rapid mixing condition, such as speed and time, influenced the result of solids removal. Higher speed and longer time mixing would give better performance of flocs formation, but the flocks would be unstable after reach some points of conditions. The optimum mixing condition was obtained when using140 rpm on speed for 4 minutes with TSS removal up to 94.96% and TDS removal up to 23.32%.
Singkong (Manihot esculenta crantz) merupakan suatu tanaman dari family Euphorbiaceae yang mengandung banyak karbohidrat. Singkong ini sangat mudah ditemukan di Indonesia, dan juga telah menjadi sumber karbohidrat ketiga terbesar di Indonesia. Dikarenakan kadar karbohidratnya yang tinggi, singkong memiliki peluang yang besar untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan untuk pembuatan gula cair disamping penggunaan jagung sebagai bahan pembuatan gula cair. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan reaksi hidrolisis asam terhadap pati singkong yang kami ekstraksi sendiri, dengan larutan asam klorida sebagai katalis reaksi hidrolisis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan kondisi yang tepat untuk produksi gula cair serta mencari konsentrasi asam klorida (HCl) dan waktu pemanasan yang terbaik. Proses produksi gula cair ini dimulai dengan mengekstraksi pati singkong dari singkong dengan cara menghaluskan serta menambahkan air yang berfungsi sebagai pelarut yang kemudian akan disaring, hasil filtrasi berupa air dan pati didiamkan untuk mengendapkan pati, yang kemudian air akan dibuang dan pati akan dikeringkan. Setelah pati diperoleh, proses hidrolisis asam dilaksanakan dengan variable yang diujikan berupa konsentrasi katalis asam klorida (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 % v/v) dan juga durasi pemanasan sampel pada hot air oven (40, 60, 80, 100, 120 menit). Dari hasil analisa yang dilaksanakan dengan metode Luff-schoorl sampel gula cair terbaik diperoleh dari sample dengan konsentrasi asam klorida sebesar 6% dengan waktu pemanasan 100 menit yang dimana menghasilkan gula cair dengan kadar 37.25% b/v. Kata kunci: Asam Klorida; Gula Cair; Hidrolisis Asam; Katalis asam; Pati Singkong
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