Abstract. Emission rates of SO2, HC1, and HF from the active volcano Mount Erebus,Antarctica, increased between 1986 and 1991; SO2 from 7.7 to 25.9 Gg yr -•, HC1 from 6.9 to 13.3 Gg yr -• and HF from 4.0 to 6.0 Gg yr -•. The emission rates of halogens from Mount Erebus are high relative to SO2 emissions and are accompanied by relatively high emissions of trace gases and aerosols (Na, K, As, Zn, In, As, Se, and Au). Many elements (S, C1, and metals) found in the Erebus plume are common impurities in Antarctic snow. Using a model which assumes a homogeneous distribution of the volcanic gas plume over Antarctica, we suggest that Erebus could be a source of the impurities. We calculate that Erebus could potentially contribute between 4 and 14 ng g-• snow of C1 at the south pole, and between 11 and 36 ng g-• snow of C1 at Dome C. Excess C1 (C1 in excess of that derived from marine NaC1 aerosols) recorded in snow and fun cores from south pole and Dome C cotfid be mainly derived from Erebus. Similarly, our predicted concentrations of Erebus-derived Cu, Zn, Cd, V, As, and Au in Antarctic snow are close to those reported. Trace element and Pb isotope compositions of Erebus aerosols are similar to those collected in remote regions of Antarctica. The volcanic gas plume emitted from Erebus appears to make a significant contribution to the Antarctic atmosphere and can be detected in the snow deposited over a wide area of the continent.
Contaminant rebound and low contaminant removal are reported more frequently with in situ chemical oxidation than other in situ technologies. Although there are multiple causes for these results, a critical analysis indicates that low oxidant volume delivery is a key issue. The volume of oxidant injected is critical and porosity of the aquifer matrix can be used to estimate the pore volume. The total porosity (qT) is the volume of voids relative to the total volume of aquifer material. The mobile porosity (qM) is the fraction of voids that readily contributes to fluid displacement, and is less than qT leading to smaller estimates of oxidant volume. Injecting low‐oxidant volume may result in inadequate oxidant distribution and postinjection dispersal within the radius of influence, insufficient oxidant contact and oxidant loading, and incomplete treatment; whereas, greater oxidant volume achieves a greater oxidant footprint and may involve risk that the injected oxidant may migrate into nontarget areas and displacement of contaminated groundwater. Design guidelines and recommendations are provided that could help achieve more effective technology deployment, reduce the role of heterogeneities in the subsurface, and result in greater probability the oxidant is delivered to the targeted treatment zone.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.