We investigated the effects of stressful job experiences and social support on burnout among counseling center staff. A national sample of 169 doctoral-level staff completed a survey of job stress and social support; social support was assessed as provided by network members and as perceived by respondent. Multiple regression analyses revealed that higher amounts of job stress were associated^with higher levels of burnout. Social support from supervisors and colleagues was associated with lower levels of burnout but did not serve a buffering function. We conclude that job demands need to be evaluated in terms of implications for the person who receives certain forms of social support.Stress management has become a topic of increasing concern over the past several decades. Research conducted during this period has indicated that stressful events and the hassles of daily living are etiological factors in many physical and psychological problems (Dohrenwend & Dohrenwend, 1974;Rabkin & Struening, 1976;Thoits, 1983). Counselors have therefore promoted helping persons manage stress effectively with the development and evaluation of psychological interventions to alter maladaptive behaviors (Romano, 1984).Despite this effort, many counseling practitioners experience great difficulty in managing their own stress as it affects them in their work. Job-related stresses have negative effects across occupations, and stressful job settings have been associated with poor job performance, absenteeism, turnover, and burnout (Ivancevich & Matteson, 1980;Maslach, 1982). Furthermore, research has indicated that persons in occupations that involve providing services to others are especially susceptible to burnout (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), and counseling has been identified as one of these person-oriented occupations (Farber, 1983).Freudenberger (1974) was the first to use the term burnout to denote a state of physical and emotional depletion that results from conditions of work. Since the introduction of this term, interest in the phenomenon of burnout has grown enormously. Many symptoms of burnout have been identified: physical depletion; feelings of helplessness and hopelessness; emotional drain; and development of a negative selfconcept and negative attitudes toward work, life, and other This research was supported by a bloc allocation grant to Elizabeth M. Altmaier and Daniel W. Russell from the

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A field study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a ferrous iron based in situ redox zone for the treatment of a dissolved phase Cr(VI) plume at a former industrial site. The ferrous iron based in situ redox zone was created by injecting a blend of 0.2 M ferrous sulfate and 0.2 M sodium dithionite into the path of a dissolved Cr(VI) plume within a shallow medium to fine sand unconfined aquifer formation. Monitoring data collected over a period of 1020 days after more than 100 m of linear groundwater flow through the treatment zone indicated sustained treatment of dissolved phase Cr(VI) from initial concentrations between 4 and 8 mg/L to less than 0.015 mg/L. Sustained treatment is assumed to be primarily due to the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by ferrous iron adsorbed to, precipitated on, and/or incorporated into aquifer iron (hydr)oxide solid surfaces within the treatment zone. Precipitated phases likely include FeCO3 and FeS based on saturation index considerations and SEM/EDS analysis. The detection of solid phase sulfites and thiosulfates in aquifer sediments collected from the treatment zone more than 2 years following injection suggests dithionite decomposition products may also play a significant role in the long-term treatment of the dissolved phase Cr(VI).

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