Background Thyroid cancer is the most rapidly increasing cancer in the U.S., affects a young population, has high survival, and is one of the most common cancers in people under age 40. The aim of this study was to examine the risks of aging-related diseases in a statewide sample of thyroid cancer survivors who were diagnosed <40 years compared to those diagnosed ≥40 and a cancer-free sample. Methods Thyroid cancer survivors diagnosed 1997-2012 were matched to up to 5 cancer-free individuals on birth year, sex, birth state, using the statewide Utah Population Database. Medical records were used to identify disease diagnoses stratified over three time periods: 1-5, >5-10, and 10+ years after cancer diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with adjustment on matching factors, race, BMI, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Results There were 3,706 thyroid cancer survivors and 15,587 matched cancer-free individuals (1,365 cases diagnosed <40 years old). Both age groups had increased risks for multiple circulatory health conditions 1-5 years after cancer diagnosis compared to cancer-free individuals. Survivors <40 had a higher risk of hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and nutritional deficiencies. Conclusions Increased risks for diseases associated with aging were observed for both age groups, with younger thyroid cancer survivors having higher risks for select diseases. Impact As thyroid cancer survivors in this study were found to have increased risks for aging-related diseases, future studies are needed to assess what can be done to reduce the increased risks of these long-term health effects.

Endometrial cancer survivors were at higher risk for many genitourinary outcomes compared to women from the general population. This study presents evidence suggesting the necessity of increased monitoring and counseling for genitourinary disorders for endometrial cancer patients both immediately after treatment cessation and for years afterwards.

Endometrial cancer survivors are at higher risk for various adverse long-term cardiovascular outcomes compared with women from the general population. This study suggests that increased monitoring for cardiovascular diseases may be necessary for endometrial cancer patients for 10 years after cancer diagnosis.

Prostate cancer incidence is sensitive to screening practices, however the impact of recent screening recommendations from the United States Preventative Services Task Force on prostate cancer incidence by age, stage, race, and Gleason score is unknown. This study described the timing and magnitude of changes in prostate cancer incidence trends in the United States by month of diagnosis, and evaluated trends by age, Gleason score, and stage at diagnosis. We analyzed prostate cancer incidence trends using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data for men diagnosed with invasive prostate cancer from 2007 through 2012. JoinPoint analysis was used to detect changes in the rate of annual percent change (APC) in prostate cancer incidence for all diagnoses and by age, Gleason score, race, and stage. Prostate cancer incidence declined at an estimated −19.6% APC beginning May 2011. This decline was observed in all age groups. Low‐grade tumors (Gleason score ≤6) showed a steeper decline (−29.1% APC) than high‐grade tumors (Gleason score 8–10: −10.8% APC). Only stage I/II and stage III tumors saw declines (−24.2% and −16.7% APC, respectively). A sharp decline in prostate cancer incidence began before release of the United States Preventative Services Task Force October 2011 draft and May 2012 final screening recommendation. The greatest change occurred with incidence of low‐grade tumors, although there is concern that some high‐grade tumors may now go undetected.

BACKGROUND: The number of head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors has been increasing because of improving survival in the United States. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of respiratory disease diagnoses in HNC survivors in comparison with cancerfree individuals. A second aim was to investigate risk factors for respiratory disease among HNC survivors. METHODS: Patients with HNC diagnosed from 1996 to 2012 were identified in the Utah Cancer Registry (n = 1901). Up to 5 cancer-free individuals from the general population (n = 7796) were matched to each HNC survivor by birth year, sex, birth state, and follow-up time. Electronic medical records and statewide health care facility data were used to identify a disease diagnosis after the cancer diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risks of respiratory diseases. RESULTS: The median follow-up times were 4.5 years for HNC survivors and 7.8 years for the general population cohort. The risks of respiratory infection (hazard ratio [HR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-1.90), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and bronchiectasis (HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 2.13-3.29), and aspiration pneumonitis (HR, 6.21; 95% CI, 3.98-9.68) were higher among HNC survivors than the general population cohort more than 5 years after the cancer diagnosis. Age at diagnosis, baseline body mass index, sex, baseline smoking status, treatment modality, primary site, and stage were associated with the risk of adverse respiratory outcomes among HNC survivors. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of adverse respiratory outcomes was much higher among HNC survivors than the general population cohort. Multidisciplinary care is needed to prevent the occurrence of adverse respiratory outcomes among HNC survivors. Cancer 2020;126:879-885.