Abstract. Constraining the rates and spatial distribution of dinitrogen
(N2) fixation fluxes to the ocean informs our understanding of the
environmental sensitivities of N2 fixation as well as the timescale over
which the fluxes of nitrogen (N) to and from the ocean may respond to each
other. Here we quantify rates of N2 fixation as well as its contribution
to export production along a zonal transect in the western tropical South
Pacific (WTSP) Ocean using N isotope (“δ15N”) budgets. Comparing
measurements of water column nitrate + nitrite δ15N with the
δ15N of sinking particulate N at a western, central, and eastern
station, these δ15N budgets indicate high, modest, and low rates of
N2 fixation at the respective stations. The results also imply that
N2 fixation supports exceptionally high, i.e. ≥ 50 %, of
export production at the western and central stations, which are also
proximal to the largest iron sources. These geochemically based rates of
N2 fixation are equal to or greater than those previously reported in
the tropical North Atlantic, indicating that the WTSP Ocean has the capacity
to support globally significant rates of N2 fixation, which may
compensate for N removal in the oxygen-deficient zones of the eastern
tropical Pacific.
Current carbon measurement strategies leave spatiotemporal gaps that hinder the scientific understanding of the oceanic carbon biogeochemical cycle. Data products and models are subject to bias because they rely on data that inadequately capture mesoscale spatiotemporal (kilometers and days to weeks) changes. High-resolution measurement strategies need to be implemented to adequately evaluate the global ocean carbon cycle. To augment the spatial and temporal coverage of ocean–atmosphere carbon measurements, an Autonomous Surface Vehicle CO2 (ASVCO2) system was developed. From 2011 to 2018, ASVCO2 systems were deployed on seven Wave Glider and Saildrone missions along the U.S. Pacific and Australia’s Tasmanian coastlines and in the tropical Pacific Ocean to evaluate the viability of the sensors and their applicability to carbon cycle research. Here we illustrate that the ASVCO2 systems are capable of long-term oceanic deployment and robust collection of air and seawater pCO2 within ±2 μatm based on comparisons with established shipboard underway systems, with previously described Moored Autonomous pCO2 (MAPCO2) systems, and with companion ASVCO2 systems deployed side by side.
There are more students with disabilities going to college than ever before. It is important that colleges understand the experiences of students with disabilities when in university. This research project was carried out by 12 students with intellectual disabilities who are enrolled in an Irish University, under the guidance of their lecturers. It looked at four research questions: (1) What do we like about going to college?; (2) What do we dislike about going to college?; (3) What supports do students with disabilities experience to participation in college?; and (4) what barriers do students with disabilities experience to participation in college? The results show many interesting findings about what students with disabilities experience in college and this information can be used to help colleges to better support students with disabilities.
Studies in positive psychology, including happiness, well-being, and life satisfaction, are reviewed. The preponderance of the research literature on the promotion of positive psychology tends to focus on broad social competences. However, there is an emerging body of evidence that supports employing specific techniques that are more amenable to school-based practice, can also promote happiness and life satisfaction in children and adolescents. An exploratory study conducted by McCabe-Fitch (2009) is included that exemplified the use of the specific techniques of the Gratitude Letter and Three Good Things in Life.
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