According to the figures of World Health Organization (WHO), over 81 million units of blood are collected annually worldwide, but only 39% are collected in developing countries, which have 82% of the world's population. [2] A blood bank plays an important role in ensuring the supply of safe blood as and when required. Although it is important to ensure that there is an adequate supply of blood, it is also essential that the blood collection process does not harm either the donor or the recipient. This is achieved by having donor deferral criteria [3] and stringent screening of collected blood for possible transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). [4] Deferrals are divided into permanent and temporary. Few studies conducted in India in the past have provided different common reasons for deferral of whole blood donors, highlighting differing demographic profile in different parts of the country. [5,6] The aim of our study was to know the profile of the blood donors and causes of the permanent and temporary deferral and their frequency. This prospective study was conducted in the blood bank of C.U.
Introduction: Tumor blossoming may be a predictive indicator for a variety of cancers. At the invasive origin of the tumor, cells get detached from the original tumor mass.Aims & objectives: Studying breast cancer tumor budding, as well as its link to other prognostic indicators, such as clinicopathological features and hormone receptor status, will be the focus of this study.Materials & methods: Over six years, 110 cases of invasive breast cancer were examined. Ten high-power fields were used to analyze H&E-stained slices for tumor sprouting. It was determined that the tumor buds were divided into low and high grades. Tumor budding and other prognostic factors were compared using the chi-square test. It was considered significant if the p-value was less than or equal to 0.05.Results: There were 110 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, which accounts for more than half of the total cases (88.18%). A total of 144 tumors were present, of which 74 displayed strong budding and 36 displayed poor budding. A correlation between tumor budding and tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and tumor stage is statistically significant (P = 0.0099). Conclusion:Tumor budding in breast cancer is an easily visible in microscopy, novel prognostic indicator. A new prognostic element may be added to the reporting process.
Background: Reporting of laboratory critical values has become an issue of national attention as illustrated by recent guidelines described in the National Patient Safety Goals of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. They may be considered an important laboratory outcome measurement because they reflect clinical effectiveness, patient safety and operational efficiency Aims: To improve effectiveness, patient safety and operational efficiency by improving laboratory outcome measurement. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study done at Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, from January 2012 to December 2013. Methods and Material:All data were obtained from reports generated by hematology and clinical pathology laboratory that has been recorded into critical call back log. Statistical analysis used:The parameters were evaluated using descriptive statistical analysis with IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v 20.0 and Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software. Results:The hematology and clinical pathology laboratory reported 19,423 critical values. The majority of critical callbacks (78.4%) resulted from testing performed in the hematology laboratory. The analytes most commonly called back were Hemoglobin and Urine Ketone. We have recorded maximum 52.7% call back from inpatient department followed by emergency department 34.2% and outpatient department 13.1%. The mean time between entering value in the critical callback register and conveying the information to the patient location or ordering clinician was 21 minutes for IPD, 30 minutes for OPD and 20 minutes for ED.Conclusions: "Every laboratory should have at its disposal a procedure to notify critical
Background:The study was performed to analyse PVI such as mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and plateletlarge cell ratio (P-LCR) that are useful for identifying large and haemostatically active platelets, which are risk factors for developing diabetes and its complication.Methods: Case-control study was conducted on 1026 Type 2 diabetics and 616 nondiabetics. Detailed clinical history regarding duration, hypertension and complications was taken. PVI was obtained using three part automated cell counter. Fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C, lipid profile, creatinine were also obtained. Diabetics were further categorized into patients with complications and without complications.Result: MPV, PDW, P-LCR and platelet count were significantly increased in diabetic patients with complications as compared to diabetics without complications and nondiabetic group (P < 0.0001, < 0.0001, 0.0044, 0.023 respectively). We found statistically significant correlation between MPV and diabetic retinopathy (P < 0.0001), nephropathy (P = 0.04), neuropathy (P < 0.0001), coronary artery disease (P < 0.0001), diabetic foot (P = 0.005). PDW was statistically significantly increased in diabetic retinopathy (P < 0.0001), neuropathy (P < 0.0001), coronary artery disease (P < 0.0001), diabetic foot (P = 0.005). P-LCR was statistically significantly increased in diabetic retinopathy (P < 0.0001), neuropathy (P = 0.003), coronary artery disease (P < 0.0001), diabetic foot (P = 0.034). Conclusion:MPV, PDW and P-LCR are predictive biomarkers of diabetic vascular complications. They are more significant in microvascular complications than macrovascular complications.
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