Laser induced plasma spectroscopy has been applied to the analysis of element distribution mapping of polished rock sections. The plasma was generated by focusing a frequency-doubled second harmonic 532 nm Nd : YAG laser on the target under atmospheric conditions. The experimental parameters, such as laser energy, atomic emission line and time profile of the plasma spectrum, were characterized to obtain optimum experimental conditions and estimate the element composition of the target surface. For the element mapping of samples, an X-Y stage was used to move the sample and an element image of 50 3 50 mm could be made in 30 min. Using this technique, the element concentration distribution of Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Si and Sr in polished rock sections were obtained. Quantitative analysis was achieved by analyzing standard rock samples. Calibrated concentration versus plasma intensity was used for the color grading for the mapping of element concentration distribution.

If anastomotic site leakage is expected after laparoscopic low anterior resection (LAR), de-functioning ileostomy is required. However, there is controversy about the consequence of stoma formation via the specimen extraction site (SES). Therefore, we aimed to investigate stoma-related complication according to stoma formation via the SES. We enrolled rectal cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic LAR with temporary ileostomy between January 2013 and December 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: stoma through the SES (SES) and stoma through a new site (NS). The difference in the incidence of stoma-related complications was analysed. In total, 198 patients underwent laparoscopic LAR (SES = 141 patients, NS = 57 patients). The SES group had a shorter operation time (204.7 ± 74.4 min vs 229.5 ± 90.5 min, p = 0.049) and was associated with fewer cases of wound infection (0% vs 7%, p = 0.006) than the NS group. There was no statistically significant difference between the SES group and NS group in all-stoma complications (22.7% vs 12.3%, p = 0.095). The incidence of parastomal hernia also was not significantly different (11.3% vs 5.3%, p = 0.286). Stoma via the SES is feasible after laparoscopic LAR with temporary ileostomy, although stoma-related complication rate was higher, without a significant difference. It can shorten the operation time and reduce wound infection rate.

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