Development and validation of Ni–Ni electrolytic enrichment method for tritium determination in samples of underground waters of Jeju Island

Yoon, Yoon Yeol; Lee, Kil Yong; Ko, Kyoungtae

doi:10.1007/s10967-010-0731-1

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For tritium (also noted as H-3) analysis, a one-liter water sample was passed through a 0.45 µm cellulose lter to remove some suspended particles and transferred to a polyethylene bottle. Distillation and electrolytic enrichment were performed according to a previous study [32]. Then, the distilled 10 mL water sample was mixed with 10 mL of Ultima Gold LLT cocktail solution (Perkin Elmer Co, USA), and H-3 was measured by a Quantulus 1220 (Wallac, Perkin Elmer) low background liquid scintillation counter (Wallc, Perkin Elmer, USA).…”

Section: Sampling and Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical characteristics and distribution of uranium in groundwater of the Geum River Basin, South Korea

Choi

Koh

Yoon

2022

Preprint

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In the Geum River basin in Korea, local groundwater contamination has been occurring due to the complex influence of urbanization and agricultural activities. For proper utilization as a water resource, this study identified major influencing factors of groundwater hydrochemistry in the bedrock aquifer by statistical analysis and regional uranium (U) distribution as a redox-sensitive contaminant. The H-3 concentration of the groundwater was high in the plains and low in the mountain areas; thus, it was deemed to be affected by the residence time of groundwater after precipitation recharge. The hydrochemical properties and factor loading values of the principal components indicated that the major factors were water‒rock interactions and residence time, but a positive correlation of K-NO3 and Mg-Cl showed the influence of agricultural activities. Cl− increased as it moved downstream, while NO2− was found to decrease from upstream to midstream, and NO3− showed no regularity. Thus, the main groundwater pollutants upstream and downstream in the Geum River basin were likely to be contributed by agricultural activities and seawater infiltration, respectively. The U in groundwater existed in the UO2(CO3)22− (namely, uranyl ion), and the highest concentration was observed at neutral pH. It had a positive correlation with HCO3, pH, and Ca and a weak negative correlation with NO3.

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Section: Sampling and Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical characteristics and distribution of uranium in groundwater of the Geum River Basin, South Korea

Choi

Koh

Yoon

2022

Preprint

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“…For 3 H analysis, about 1 L groundwater samples are distilled and electrolytic enrichment process was performed as previous work [10]. For the comparison of different counting vials, 500 mL groundwater was used for 20 mL counting vial and 1 L sample was used for 145 mL counting vial.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore this low activity are difficult to analyze directly. To overcome this difficulty, most of the water samples were enriched using electrolytic enrichment method [9,10]. Liquid scintillation counter (LSC) is mostly used instrument for 3 H analysis and most of the LSC used 20 mL vial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Tritium Analysis Method with High-Volume Counting Vial

Yoon

Kim

2020

J Radiat Prot Res

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Background: Tritium (3 H) analysis in groundwater was difficult because of its low activity. Therefore, the electrolytic enrichment method was used. To improve the detection limit and for performing simple analysis, a high-volume counting vial with the available liquid scintillation counter (LSC) was investigated. Further, it was compared with a conventional 20-mL counting vial. Materials and Methods: The LSC with the electrolytic enrichment method was used 3 H analysis in groundwater. A high-volume 145-mL counting vial was compared with a conventional 20-mL counting vial to determine the counting characteristics of different LSCs. Results and Discussion: When a Quantulus LSC was used, the counting window between channels 35 and 250 was used. The background count was approximately 1.86 cpm, and the counting efficiency increased from 8% to 40% depending on the mixing ratio of the volume of sample and cocktail solution. For LSC-LB7, the optimum counting window was between 1 and 4.9 keV, which was selected by the factory (Hitachi Aloka Medical Ltd. , Japan) by considering quenching using a standard external gamma source. The background count of LSC-LB7 was approximately 3.60 ± 0.29 cpm when the 145-mL vial was used and 2.22 ± 0.17 cpm when the 20-mL vial was used. The minimum detectable activity (MDA) of the 20-mL vial was greater for LSC-LB7 than for Quantulus. The MDA with the 145-mL vial was improved to 0.3 Bq/L when compared with the value of 1.6 Bq/L for the 20-mL vial. Conclusion: The counting efficiency when using the 145-mL vial was 27%, whereas it was 18% when using the 20-mL vial. This difference can be attributed to the vial volume. The figure of merit (FOM) of the 145-mL vial was four times greater than that of the 20-mL vial because the volume of the former vial is approximately seven times greater than that of the latter. Further, the MDA for 3 H decreased from 1.6 to 0.3 Bq/L. The counting efficiency and FOM of LSC-LB7 was slightly less than those of Quantulus when the 20-mL vial was used. The background counting rate of the Quantulus was lower than that of the LSC-LB7.

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“…For a more objective reflection of the spatial and temporal distributions of natural tritium in precipitation (also called rain tritium), the concentrations of rain tritium reported in areas without nuclear facilities in China [28,36,37,41,42,45,48,49,[57][58][59][60][61][62], Japan [28,35,39,51,52,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] and South Korea [28,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77] in the past three decades were extracted and plotted against the latitude in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Tritium Levels In Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4 displays the level of tritium in shallow groundwater (here defined as a sampling depth \ 150 m) investigated in areas without nuclear facilities in China, Japan, and South Korea over the past three decades [31,32,41,58,62,69,76,81,84,88,99,. Compared with the level of tritium in surface water, the level of tritium in shallow groundwater is virtually the same or marginally lower than that in surface water at the same site and during the same period.…”

Section: Tritium Levels In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and behavior of environmental tritium in East Asia

Feng

Zhuo

2022

NUCL SCI TECH

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For a more systematic understanding of the levels of environmental tritium and its behavior in East Asia, a database on environmental tritium was established based on the literature published in the past 30 years. Subsequently, the levels and behavior of the environmental tritium were further studied by statistical analyses. The results indicate that the distribution of environmental tritium is inhomogeneous and complex. In areas without nuclear facilities, the level of environmental tritium has decreased to its background level, even though a certain number of atmospheric nuclear tests were performed before 1980. In general, the level of atmospheric tritium was marginally higher than the levels in precipitation and surface water; the levels in shallow groundwater and seawater were considerably lower. Furthermore, the levels of tritium in the atmosphere, precipitation, and inland surface water were strongly correlated with latitude and distance from the coastline. In soil and living organisms, the level of tissue-free water tritium (TFWT) was comparable to the tritium levels in local rainfall, whereas the persistence of organically bound tritium (OBT) in the majority of organisms resulted in an OBT/TFWT ratio greater than one. Conversely, extremely high levels of environmental tritium were observed near certain nuclear power plants and the Fukushima accident sites. These results highlight the requirement to know the tritium baseline level and its behavior in the environment beforehand to better assess the impact of tritium discharge. Further investigations of environmental tritium in East Asia using more efficient and adequate monitoring methods are also required.

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Development and validation of Ni–Ni electrolytic enrichment method for tritium determination in samples of underground waters of Jeju Island

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Hydrochemical characteristics and distribution of uranium in groundwater of the Geum River Basin, South Korea

Hydrochemical characteristics and distribution of uranium in groundwater of the Geum River Basin, South Korea

Comparative Study of Tritium Analysis Method with High-Volume Counting Vial

Levels and behavior of environmental tritium in East Asia

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