Objective: Odontomas are the most common form of odontogenic tumors of the jaw, represent a benign hamartoma rather than a true neoplasm. They constitute 22% of all odontogenic tumors. Odontomas are consist of two types, compound and complex. The compound odontomas contain recognizable enalmel, dentin and sometimes cementum, shaped in toothlike structures; whereas complex odontomas are composed of irregular masses of dentin and enamel and have no anatomic resemblance to a tooth.Methods: A17-year-old female patient came to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery with a slow growing and asymptomatic swelling in her left mandible. The panoramic radiograph showed a radioopacity and radiolucent lesion, with well-corticated limits. The radioopaque area was amorphous, circumscribed by a thin and irregular radiolucent halo. An inscisional biopsy confirmed the lesion as a complex odontoma. The surgery performed was hemimandibulectomy followed by a reconstruction using a plate under general anaesthesia.Results: Complex odontomas are most likely to be found in the posterior region of the maxilla or the mandible and can be treated with a simple enucleation and curettage. In this case report the hemimandibulectomy was performed due to the extensiveness of the mass.Conclusion: Surgical removal of large complex odontoma with hemimandibulectomy is a rare clinical scenario. The extensiveness of the lesion contributed to its removal technique.
In this paper, we introduced new methods in implementing ultra-fast-efficient BCH decoder that frequently used in many applications. A Reformulated inversionless Berlekamp-Massey algorithm is adopted in order to eliminate the finite-field inverter and to reduce the hardware complexity. Furthermore, we proposed a Direct reformulated-inversionless Berlekamp-Massey algorithm (DriBM). While in the Chien Search stage, the Constant-Factor Multiplication-Free Matrix transform is also introduced to avoid expensiveness which significantly reduce the area and critical path. Moreover, we also developed Extended Fast Chien Search algorithm which significantly reduce computation complexity and the area by nearly 33% compared to Constant-Factor MFTM. Using our proposed design, we design a BCH(15,7) decoder which can reach speed up to 2.2 GHz with total area of is 8170llm2 using 0.181lm CMOS standard cell technology. The merits of the proposed algorithms and architecture are very efficient and fast. The implementation of the proposed BCH decoderarchitecture is also scalable to higher n block lengths and t number of correctable error, by using the same concept as we design BCH(63,51) using the same concept as BCH(15,7). In addition to the parallel BCH Decoder, we also design an area efficient parallel GF multiplier and squarer which minimized the number of logic gates. This design has been implemented and verified on Altera DE2 FPGA using codeword with various error positions and weight (0-2 guaranteed error correction). Due to its low complexity, it is suitable for VLSI implementation and also provide excellent tradeoffs between the correcting capacity, speed and area penalties.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a non-melanoma skin cancer, with a rising worldwide incidence. Wide excision with an intraoperative frozen section decreases its recurrence rate and metastases. Case: We reported an SCC case in a 50-year-old woman with clinical manifestations of a 4 × 6 × 0.3 cm solitary ulcer that easily bled. Dermoscopy and histopathological examination support the diagnosis of SCC. Due to its size, a wide excision was initiated, followed by a frozen section being carried out to determine the cancer cell-free margin. We performed an additional 1 cm margin excision as residual tumor still remained in the margin on the first excision. The forehead interpolation flap reconstruction was performed right after the excision to cover the extensive defects on the cheek, followed by a full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) for the forehead. The patient recovered well without complication within eight weeks post-procedure. Discussion: SCC with a diameter larger than 2 cm is considered as high-risk, and a wide excision is the standard treatment in this condition. However, this may risk incomplete excision, leaving residual tumor and increased recurrence rate. Intraoperative frozen section aids the surgeon to determine tumor margin, thus improving the success rate of therapy by up to 95%. A skin graft on the cheek was avoided due to concerns of wound contraction, which may lead to lower tissue survival rates with poor color and texture matching. Therefore, we preferred a skin flap to increase tissue survival and preserve facial contour as well as skin color. Forehead interpolation flap was carried out as it could cover the large size of the skin defect. The forehead skin as donor was later closed by a FTSG. Conclusion: Wide excision surgery with frozen sections is the best option for managing large SCC while a skin flap is preferred to close defects on the cheek.
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