Background The initiation of desert conditions in the Tarim Basin in China since the late Miocene has led to the significant genetic structuring of local organisms. Tarim Red Deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis, TRD) have adapted to the harsh environmental conditions in this basin, including high solar radiation and temperature, aridity, and poor nutritional conditions. However, the underlying genetic basis of this adaptation is poorly understood. Results We sequenced the whole genomes of 13 TRD individuals, conducted comparative genomic analyses, and estimated demographic fluctuation. The ∂a∂i model estimated that the TRD and Tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) populations diverged approximately 0.98 Mya. Analyses revealed a substantial influence of the Earth’s climate on the effective population size of TRD, associated with glacial advances and retreat, and human activities likely underlie a recent serious decline in population. A marked bottleneck may have profoundly affected the genetic diversity of TRD populations. We detected a set of candidate genes, pathways, and GO categories related to oxidative stress, water reabsorption, immune regulation, energy metabolism, eye protection, heat stress, respiratory system adaptation, prevention of high blood pressure, and DNA damage and repair that may directly or indirectly be involved in the adaptation of TRD to an arid-desert environment. Conclusions Our analyses highlight the role of historical global climates in the population dynamics of TRD. In light of ongoing global warming and the increasing incidence of droughts, our study offers insights into the genomic adaptations of animals, especially TRD, to extreme arid-desert environments and provides a valuable resource for future research on conservation design and biological adaptations to environmental change.
The development of tourism activities on the island of Lombok has caused many types of professions to be occupied or utilized by the community, especially those who are services. With the technological advancements, people need various kinds of facilities in carrying out their businesses and activities. One of them is in looking for artisan services including price or service fees, material prices and so on. Multiplatform applications (more than one platform) can make it easy for users to choose the platform to be used. With web service architecture as a computational entity that can be accessed through the internet and intranet networks and certain protocol standards in the platform and interface of an independent programming language. In conducting research, the system development method used by the author is the waterfall method. Waterfall method is a systematic and sequential method of software development that starts at the level and progress of the system up to the analysis, design, code (implementation), test (testing), and maintenance. The application that was built has been tested to several builders. As well as from the results of testing the artisan respondents have a very agreeable answer of 51.4%, because 51.4% is the highest result in the response to the response of the answer, it can be concluded that the application has met the needs of the mason
Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the characteristics of panfacial fractures and evaluate treatment results at the Maxillofacial, Stomatology and plastic surgery department at the AVICENNE military hospital over a period of 5 years. Patients and Methods: Forty eight patients with panfacial fractures were treated in Maxillofacial, stomatology and plastic surgery department of the AVICENNE Military Teaching Hospital between 2012 and 2017. The criteria for inclusion in the study were patients who had fractures of at least three of the four axial segments of the facial skeleton: frontal, upper midface, lower midface, and mandible. Results: 48 patients with panfacial fractures had a total of 116 subtypes of facial bone fractures. A total of seventeen (14.6%) LeFort II fractures in 16 (33.4%) patients were recorded, fifteen LeFort I fractures were recorded in 3 (6.2%) cases; seven (6%) LeFort III fractures were recorded in 5 (10.4%) cases, thirteen (11.2%) fractures of the NOF complex were recorded in 6 (12.5%) patients; sixteen (33.4%) patients had thirty eight (32.7%) fractures involving the mandible. Ten (8.6%) NOM (naso-orbito-maxilla) complex fractures occurred in 9 (18.7%) cases. 5 (10.4%) patients had a total of five (4.3%) CNEMFO (naso-ethmoido-maxillo-frontoorbital) complex fractures. Our case series included five Comminuted premaxillary fractures and six Intermaxillary disjunctions. All 48 cases had facial deformities and thirty six had malocclusions. The treatment plan to reduce and fix the facial bone fractures was sequenced "Bottom up, Outside in". Postoperative complications were reported, there were 5 cases whose malocclusions, 4 cases of zygomatic non-union or partial defects, 13 had enophthalmos and hypoglobus. Seven had scars from the trauma, 2 had lower eyelid ectropion, and 2 had temporal muscle atrophy. Conclusion: Panfacial fractures seem to be complex and difficult to treat, but with an organized and flexible approach, appropriate reduction of fractures is accomplishable, yet post-surgical complications mainly caused by soft tissue problems, including lacerations and asymmetries, can't be easily avoided.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.