Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of response tasks, such as button pressing and mental counting, and handedness on N100, N200, and P300 auditory event-related potential (AERP).Methods: A total of 50 normal-hearing young adults with the average age of 21.6 (±1.5) years participated in this study. Among them, 15 men and 15 women were right-handed and 10 men and 10 women were left-handed. An oddball paradigm was used to deliver 30 stimuli of 2 kHz target tone bursts and 120 stimuli of 1 kHz nontarget tone bursts. The stimuli were presented at 70 dB sound pressure level with the rate of 1/s.Results: The button pressing task elicited significantly smaller N100 and larger P300 amplitudes than the mental counting task. N200 latency was significantly lower and P300 amplitude was higher in left-handed participants than those who are right-handed. Appearance percentages of right-/left-handed participants for N100, N200, and P300 were 80/95%, 85/85%, and 75/75% for the button pressing task and 80/90%, 80/80%, and 70/70% for mental counting task, respectively.Conclusion: The significant difference in appearance percentage between response tasks supported that P300 was a strong endogenous potential. N100 and N200 were thought to have both endogenous and exogenous characteristics. A more sensitive approach in selecting the task of response for the target stimuli and careful consideration for the handedness is necessary for AERP recordings.
This study reviewed the pathophysiology of tinnitus. Tinnitus is a symptom that a subject perceives sound regardless of external stimuli. Tinnitus sufferers have reported varying sound types, loudness, and duration of tinnitus. Also, the pathophysiology of tinnitus is also reported to be varied. We searched a web database and found 2,545 articles related to tinnitus. The selection criteria for articles to be reviewed was the year of publication, research category, participant characteristic, publication type, and area of study. Thirty-three studies on the pathophysiology of tinnitus were finally selected and reviewed. Tinnitus pathophysiology was reviewed in relation to the somatosensory, brain, and limbic systems. Fourteen sub-regions were identified to be associated with tinnitus. The data on each sub-region was also reviewed, including its primary role and the tinnitus trigger mechanism. The results of this study can be used as baseline data for studies attempting to understand the mechanism of tinnitus and develop intervention methods.
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