The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and DNA damage inhibition potential of methanolic extract of Carissa carandas leaves. Extract was found to exhibit significant (p<0.05) dose dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC 50 value= 73.12µg/ml), total antioxidant activity, H 2 O 2 scavenging activity (IC 50 value 84.03µg/ml), reducing power activity. In addition, extract was found to exhibit complete protection of pBR322 plasmid DNA from free radicals mediated oxidative stress during DNA damage inhibition assay. Antioxidant and DNA damage inhibition properties of C. carandas could be attributed to the presence of high amount of phenolic compounds (84.00 mg GAE/gm dry weight of the extract) in the extract which was estimated by Folin-Ciocalteau assay. These observations emphasize the high antioxidant and DNA damage inhibition potential of the C. carandas which can be further used to develop natural antioxidant compounds for therapeutic applications.
A GC-MS based metabolic profiling was carried out to study metabolic differences of lactic acid bacteria isolated from different food sources. Metabolic fingerprinting is a non-targeted procedure where all detectable peaks are considered to establish sample classification. A total of 40 compounds were identified as major metabolites contributing to the difference among five different probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Some of the metabolites identified in this study have been reported as a defrosting agent, antioxidant, flavour agent, antimicrobial, natural food additive, anti-inflammatory, anti-sleep disorder agent and anti-cancer agents. These results suggest that GC-MS based metabolomic analysis is a useful tool to facilitate future investigations into the characterization of probiotic lactic acid bacteria.
IntroductionAbiotic stress is a global agricultural issue that limits plant growth and yield. Amongst abiotic stresses, salt stress leads to significant crop losses worldwide (Greenway and Munns, 1980). Although natural salts are present in soil, their increased concentration affects plant growth adversely. Rao et al. (2008) reported that salinity affects about 932 million hectares of land globally. In plant cells under salt stress, Na + and Clions accumulate in cytoplasm and lower the external water potential, resulting in turgor loss (Binzel et al., 1988). It creates an imbalance of cellular ions that results in ion toxicity, or osmotic stress, followed by significant oxidative stress (Gosset et al., 1996;Goemez et al., 1999;Hasegawa et al., 2000). Together, these factors lead to decreased plant growth, development, and survival. Elevated amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O 2•ˉ) , hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and hydroxyl (OH • ) radicals can critically disturb cellular homeostasis and standard metabolism through oxidative damage to protein, lipids, and nucleic acid (Baxter et al., 2007).Plants elicit a molecular response to prevent oxidative damage due to ROS production and adjust to the oxidative stress (Baxter et al., 2007;Demirkaya, 2014;Yaycılı and Alikamanoğlu, 2012). They have developed a multifaceted antioxidant defense with enzymatic molecules, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR, E.C. 1.6.4.2), and peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7). All these molecules play an important role in scavenging ROS formed during oxidative damage (Erdal and Çakırlar, 2014;Petrić et al., 2014).Recently, the role of heme oxygenase (HO, EC 1.14.99.3) has been recognized among plant defenses as a catalyst for the oxidation of heme to biliverdin IXα (BV), CO, and
Heme oxygenase1 (HO1) catalyzes the degradation of heme in to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and ferrous ions. Its role in higher plants has been found as an antioxidant and precursor of phytochrome synthesis. The present study focuses on subcellular localization of HO1 in leaves of soybean has been investigated. Most activity appeared to be located within chloroplast due to its role in phytochrome synthesis but mitochondria also share its localization. Mitochondrial location of HO1 might be on its inner membranous space due to its role in the synthesis of electron donor species which facilitates HO1 catalyzed reaction. Study reports the co-localization of HO1 in both chloroplast and mitochondria.
The present study assesses the feasibility of blueberry as a raw substrate for the production of the probiotic blueberry jam by lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum DB-2, L. fermentum J-1, P. acidilactici M-3, L. plantarum SK-3, and P. pentosaceus SM-2). Changes in pH, titratable acidity (lactic acid), cell survival, antioxidant properties, and in vitro cholesterol reduction properties of lacto- fermented as well as non-fermented blueberry jam were examined during fermentation and up to 28 days of storage. All the strains grew well in a lacto-fermented blueberry jam after 48 h fermentation. Set A (5.88 g/100 ml) and Set B (5.96 g/100 ml) produced less lactic acid than Set C (6.67 g/100 ml) which has the consortia of probiotic strains. After 28 days of cold storage, all the tested strains survived the low-pH conditions in lacto-fermented blueberry jam. The blueberry jam fermented with the consortia of probiotic strains (Set C) had a high antioxidant capacity (71.47 ± 3.57) in comparison with Set A, Set B, and control which showed anti-oxidant capacity viz. 70.52 ± 3.52, 70.25 ± 3.18, and 64.12 ± 2.47, respectively after 28 days of refrigerated storage. The lacto- fermented blueberry jam in Set C (58.48%) had shown the in vitro cholesterol-lowering ability better than Set B (18.87%) whereas Set A and control did not show any in vitro reduction in cholesterol level after 28 days of storage. Sensory quality studies were carried out after 28 days of storage. Sensory evaluation data showed the considerable acceptability of the lacto-fermented blueberry jam. Finally, we found that L. plantarum DB-2, L. fermentum J-1, P. acidilactici M-3, L. plantarum SK-3, and P. pentosaceus SM-2 are optimal probiotics for fermentation with blueberry jam. In this investigation, the results could be an indicator of the development of health-promoting fruit jam. This lacto-fermented blueberry jam is a low-cost healthy food product, provide better nutrition and good health to the population.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.