As a magician in India, Andrographis paniculata is called Crete or the King of Bitters because of its bitter taste. It is known for ethnic medicine to treat diseases, inflammation, cold, fever, snake bite, diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, kidney disease and antioxidant. This study was done by preparing the solution in ethanol for the whole plant. Phytochemical analysis was performed due to the presence of important drugs as well as phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and alkaloids. It has been reported that these secondary metabolites have many biological and therapeutic properties, so it is expected that this species has many medicinal applications. It is rich in phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids and exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial properties (including antibacterial and antifungal). This study was conducted using the agar disc diffusion method, in which the extract shows antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, and may be the ingredients used in the method. The source of the antibiotic depends on the concentration. In addition, by several free-flow studies, the antioxidant capacity of paniculata plants has been confirmed. Therefore, they are also effective antioxidants and have anti-cancer properties.
The resource-use efficiency of crop production have been computed using primary data collected from 240 farm women respondents i.e. 120 trained and 120 untrained spread over eight villages of Junagadh district. The multistage, purposive and random sampling techniques were used for the study. The study has revealed that planting material, plant protection chemicals, chemical fertilizers, human labor and irrigation had a positive and significant influence on crop yield. For trained farm women economic efficiency of human-labour, chemical fertilizers, bullock labour and plant chemicals were greater than unity and it indicates that these resources are being used at sub optimum level and there exists the possibility of enhancing the production by increasing their use. The ratios of irrigation and planting material were less than unity, there by indicating over utilization of the said variables. Whereas, for untrained farm women the variables human-labour, chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals were observed to be greater than unity ad of bullock-labour, irrigation and planting material were less than unity. The cost invested in underutilized variables should be decreased and the use of underutilized resources should be encouraged. Hence, moving towards achieving the ratios of unity or optimal use which will increase the production for per unit cost spent.
Attitudes are individually attributed emotions, beliefs and behavioural tendencies an individual has towards a specific abstract or concrete object. To measure the attitude of farmer members towards Farmers Producer Organizations (FPOs), need was realized to use a scale. So, Likert’s summated rating scale was developed by following the methodology given by Likert (1932) and Edward (1957). After in-depth reviewing of secondary sources and discussion with primary sources, six indicators were finalized to form the items for scale development. Based on 80 judge’s response 57 statements were selected for item analysis. The split half method was used to testing reliability and the reliability coefficient was 0.92. The face validity and content validity were examined. The developed final scale consists of 16 statements in which 11 were positive statements and 5 were negative statements. The developed scale was found highly reliable and valid.
To assess the opinions of farm women on diff erent aspects of trainings organized by Farmer Training Centre (FTC), Junagadh, the present study was conducted using ex-post facto research design during 2019-2020. The multistage and purposive sampling technique was used for the study. Total eight villages and 240 farm women respondents were selected from Junagadh district for the study. It can be concluded from the study that majority of the farm women were interested in off campus training as compared to on campus training programmes. The research showed that out of total, 24.16 per cent of the farm women strongly agreed that staff of the FTC was cooperative, 21.66 per cent of them agreed with management of the training by FTC was good. Majority agreed that lessons were conducted as per the plan (47.00%), content of the training was relevant (46.00%). Training followed by demonstration (75.83%) and use of training aids (77.00%) were most prioritized by farm women. The major suggestions given by farm women to improve training programme were; more practical classes, fi eld visit and demonstration should be organized, followed by method demonstration must be used for complex technologies, more emphasis should be given on practical, female trainers should be preferred.
Gender equity is the means to achieve gender equalities in farm families. According to their respective needs based on equivalency in terms of rights, benefits, obligations, and opportunities are considered fair in the treatment of farm women and farmers. Thus, it was very essential to measure the favorableness of farm families toward gender equity. It measures to reflect their acceptance and thought process regarding present gender dynamics in their house and farm. The present study focussed to devise an instrument and for that, a Likert’s Summated rating technique was used in the year 2022 with a true standardized methodology to construct the attitude towards gender equity. A total of 94 items were constructed by reviewing related literature. Based on the 80 responses from experts, 16 items were screened through item analysis. A split-half technique was used to measure the reliability of the scale and the reliability coefficient was 0.861. The validity of the scale was also proved as per experts’ judgments.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.