The resource-use efficiency of crop production have been computed using primary data collected from 240 farm women respondents i.e. 120 trained and 120 untrained spread over eight villages of Junagadh district. The multistage, purposive and random sampling techniques were used for the study. The study has revealed that planting material, plant protection chemicals, chemical fertilizers, human labor and irrigation had a positive and significant influence on crop yield. For trained farm women economic efficiency of human-labour, chemical fertilizers, bullock labour and plant chemicals were greater than unity and it indicates that these resources are being used at sub optimum level and there exists the possibility of enhancing the production by increasing their use. The ratios of irrigation and planting material were less than unity, there by indicating over utilization of the said variables. Whereas, for untrained farm women the variables human-labour, chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals were observed to be greater than unity ad of bullock-labour, irrigation and planting material were less than unity. The cost invested in underutilized variables should be decreased and the use of underutilized resources should be encouraged. Hence, moving towards achieving the ratios of unity or optimal use which will increase the production for per unit cost spent.
IPM refers to an ecological approach in pest management, in which, all available necessary techniques are consolidated in a unified programme, so that, pest population can be managed in such a manner that economic damage is avoided and adverse side effects are minimized. The goal of IPM is to control population of the pest below level that result in economic damage. Ideally, this is achieved through the integration of all suitable control techniques in a compatible manner. The present study was conducted in Badgaon and Girwa tehsils of Udaipur district of Rajasthan. Four villages from each selected tehsil were taken and 12 respondents were selected randomly from each selected village for the study. Data were collected through pre structured interview schedule. It was found that inadequate demonstrations on IPM technology, lack of knowledge about pest life cycle and their infestation on cauliflower, lack of trainings on IPM technologies, non-availability of trichoderma at local level, supply of inferior quality of bio fertilizers were important constraints perceived by the farmers in adoption of IPM in cauliflower cultivation.
Attitude is defined as the degree of encouraging or depressing feeling of the farmers towards natural farming. Attitude is a way of thinking, acting or feeling of a person towards a situation or cause. It is the accepted fact that an attitude of an individual plays an important role in determining one’s behaviour. Keeping this in view, a standardized scale had been developed to measure the attitude of farmers towards natural farming. A summated (likert) rating scale had been developed. The process started with identifying the dimension, collection of items followed by relevancy and item analysis, checking the reliability and validity for precision and consistency of the results. A total of 45 statements were framed and in which, 19 statements had finally retained which has practical applicability in measuring the attitude of farmers towards natural farming. The scale was containing a total of nineteen statements, out of which thirteen are positive and six statements are negative. The split half method developed by Brown Prophecy was employed to measure the reliability. The reliability coefficient (0.79) and content validity also worked, indicating higher reliability and validity of the scale. Hence, the same would be used elsewhere by any investigator
Animal husbandry is an integral component of Indian agriculture supporting livelihood of more than twothirds of the rural population. Many of the important tasks in animal husbandry are performed by women besides their responsibilities as home makers and caring of animals is considered as an extension of domestic activities. Keeping this in view, present study was thought to be taken out with measure the correlation between Socio-personal and socio-economic characteristics of farm women regarding improved animal husbandry practices studied in saurashtra region of Gujarat state, India because Saurashtra region has significant contribution of local cows (45%) among the different region of state., the present investigation was conducted in Junagadh and Gir-somnath district of Saurashtra Region of Gujarat state was purposively selected. Two talukas selected from each selected districts for present study. Three villages were selected purposively from the each selected taluka having more population of cattle and buffalo, by selecting 10 from each selected village were taken by using random sampling technique with a condition that the farm women has been rearing animals on their farm at least 3 years or having herd, total 120 farm women were selected for research purpose. Out of fourteen independent variables, six variables viz. social participation, extension participation, mass media exposure, adoption, attitude and risk orientation had negative and highly significant correlation with training needs of farm women about improved animal husbandry practices. Education had negative and significant correlation whereas, age, size of family, dairy experience, size of land holding, herd size and economic motivation had non-significant association with training needs of farm women. Annual income was there that showed positive and significant correlation with training needs of farm women about improved animal husbandry practices. So, it can be concluded that those variables who had establish significant influence on training needs must be reckon while planning any training programme related animal husbandry practices.
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