Masdar Farid Mas'udi is one of the thought-leaders of Islamic law in Indonesia is a liberal. This is evident from his thoughts on the concept qath'i and zhanni reconstruction as a basis of interpretation and legal discovery method. He changed the general view of ijtihad, during which only reach things that are zhanni and less attention the dimensions of qathi. By placing the maslahah as the principle of ijtihad, the old concept of qath'i zhanni reconstructed to have a power on giving and solving various problems. Accordingly, the value of qathi is welfare and the justice system itself which is the spirit of the law itself, it can not be changed and not be a region of ijtihad. While zhanni category is the whole technical provisions or statutory normatively. The provisions of the law (normative) contained in the passage just a wasilah and will undergo changes, though not to be changed. Masdar's thinking about the concept qath'i zhanni in turn, has changed the legal provisions because they are deemed no longer fit to the needs. Among the legal reasoning is, of zakat and taxes are also issues of women's reproductive rights. Thought zakat (tax) and also about the reproductive rights of women offered by Masdar is based on the principle of benefit-based justice. According to him, a double duty (pay zakat once taxes) inflicted on Muslims require that the concept of classical zakat should be revised. Similarly, the reproductive rights of women. Emasculation, inferior, and the subordination of women in all aspects of life should be terminated by giving a new meaning to the interpretation and nas.Keywords: Qathi', Zhanni, Farid Mas'udi Abstrak Masdar Farid Mas'udi adalah salah satu tokoh pemikir hukum Islam di Indonesia yang beraliran liberal. Hal ini terlihat dari pemikirannya tentang rekonstruksi konsep qath'i dan zhanni sebagai basis rekonstruksi penafsiran dan metode penemuan hukumnya. Beliau merubah pandangan umum mengenai ijtihad yang selama ini hanya menjangkau hal-hal yang bersifat zhanni dan kurang mencermati dimensi ajaran yang diyakini sebagai qathi. Dengan meletakkan maslahah sebagai asas ijtihadnya, konsep lama tentang qath'i zhanni kemudian direkonstruksi agar lebih punya tenaga dalam memberikan dan memecahkan berbagai masalah. Menurutnya, dalil qathi adalah nilai kemaslahatan dan keadilan itu sendiri yang merupakan ruh dari hukum itu sendiri, ini tidak bisa dirubah dan bukan menjadi wilayah ijtihad. Sedangkan kategori zhanni adalah seluruh ketentuan tekhnis atau ketentuan hukum yang bersifat normatif. Ketentuan-ketentuan hukum (normatif) yang terdapat dalam nas hanya merupakan wasilah dan akan mengalami perubahan, meskipun tidak harus berubah. Pemikiran Masdar tentang konsep qath'i 1 Masdar Farid Mas'udi, intelektual muda NU dengan pemikiran liberal, lahir di Jombang pada tahun 1954, menulis sejumlah buku dan artikel. Pemikirannya banyak dipengaruhi pola pemikiran Umar bin
This paper aims to prove that after attending the Marriage Preparation Course, the prospective wives and husbands of the course participants feel the extraordinary benefits of attending the Marriage Preparation Course. Because the material presented is very relevant and vital as a provision in living household life. This paper reports the research results on implementing Marriage Preparation Courses among Muslims in Pekanbaru, Riau and Christians in Yogyakarta. These two objects result from selecting the best performance in carrying out the Marriage Preparation Course. This research includes qualitative research with a juridical approach and uses the theory of the legal system. The result of the study is that the implementation of a good Marriage Preparation Course can give a positive impression and knowledge to the course participants. The participants stated the importance of prospective wives and husbands taking Marriage Preparation Courses. This course assists candidates in dealing with the romance of domestic life in the future, especially if the material also provides testimonials of the couples. One problem to solve by working couples is not being able to get permission from the workplace to take courses. Hopefully, there will be a policy from the government that requires workplaces to permit workers to take courses in the future.
The use of bioactive plants to replace antibiotics is now widely used. The program's purpose is to provide a solution for natural feed additives to laying hens in Ngaliyan as a substitute for Antibiotics Growth Promotor (AGP), which is prohibited by the government, and provide knowledge to farmers about the use of medicinal plants to improve the productivity of livestock. The target was laying hens farmers in Ngaliyan. The problem was chicken feed is made without AGP and egg prices fell while feed prices had risen. The solution offered to the partner was adding food additives from turmeric and Curcuma. Turmeric and Curcuma will improve immunity to increase livestock productivity, feed efficiency, and egg quality. Based on this reason, we conducted community services for laying hens farmers in Ngaliyan. Community service activities were carried out using the PAR method for two months through socialization, training, assistance in providing additional natural feed, and evaluation. Giving turmeric and Curcuma flour can improve the quality of eggs. The result of the community service showed an understanding of partners to formulate and produce feed additives in raising laying hens was improved. In addition, farmers were able to formulate and produce herbal feed based on requirements.
Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya aturan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 yang menyatakan wajibnya PNS memberikan sebagian gajinya kepada mantan istrinya sampai mantan istri tersebut menikah lagi. Adapun pertanyaan pada tulisan ini ialah pertama, apa landasan filosofis dibentuknya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990? Kedua, bagaimana tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap kewajiban menafkahi mantan istri oleh PNS dalam Pasal 8 PP Nomor 45 Tahun 1990? Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan testier. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Landasan filosofis yang mendasari dibentuknya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 adalah karena Pegawai Negeri Sipil wajib memberikan contoh yang baik kepada bawahannya dan menjadi teladan sebagai warga negara yang baik dalam masyarakat, termasuk dalam menyelenggarakan kehidupan berkeluarga, maka perceraian sejauh mungkin harus dihindarkan. Dan untuk dapat melaksanakan kewajiban yang demikian itu, maka kehidupan Pegawai Negeri Sipil harus ditunjang oleh kehidupan yang serasi, sejahtera dan bahagia, sehingga setiap Pegawai Negeri Sipil dalam melaksanakan tugasnya tidak akan banyak terganggu oleh masalah-masalah dalam keluarganya. Oleh karena itu, untuk usaha meningkatkan disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil perlu dibentuk Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil tersebut. (2) Tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap isi Pasal 8 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 yang menyatakan wajibnya seorang PNS memberikan sepertiga atau setengah gajinya kepada mantan istrinya sampai mantan istri itu menikah lagi adalah hal yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh PNS dengan dalil menaati Pemimpin yakni dalam hal ini Pemerintah sebagai eksekutif dan legislatif yang telah membentuk Peraturan Pemerintah tersebut, karena tujuan Peraturan Pemerintah itu adalah sesuatu yang sesuai dengan syariat yaitu untuk menghindarkan terjadinya perceraian yang merupakan perbuatan yang paling dibenci oleh Allah SWT.
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan cara-cara dan sistematika Syaltut berijtihad dan dalil-dalil yang dipergunakannya dalam al-Fatawa. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian dokumen, content analisis. Hasil pembahasan, bahwa dalam kitab al-Fatawa Syaltut berijtihad dengan langkah-langkah: Syaltut merujuk kepada al-Quran dan menjelaskan penunjukan lafaz secara majaz juga mengemukakan penunjukan lafaz secara isyarah. Syaltut mempergunakan pemahaman yang terdapat di balik manthuq, disebut mahum. Selain al-Quran, Syaltut berdalil dengan Hadis Nabi untuk memperjelas dan menguatkan pendapatnya, dapat disimpulkan, Syaltut menempatkan posisi Sunnah bagi al-Quran sebagai bayan dan ta’kid. Sekiranya jawabannya tidak dijumpai dalam al-Quran dan Hadis Nabi, Syaltut berpatokan pada kaidah-kaidah Syara’. Ijtihad yang dilakukannya dalam al- Fatawa bervariasi, yaitu melihat materi hukum. Mengenai ibadah mahdhah Syaltut mengandalkan pendapatnya pada nash, dibidang mu’amalah, ia mengutamakan kemaslahatan. Syaltut dikategorikan sebagai mujtahid Intiqaiy, Istinbathiy, Bayaniy dan Qiyasiy.
BAZNAS Padang City has compiled several programs to achieve its mission, including Padang Sejahtera by providing business capital assistance to small traders with the aim of improving their welfare. The plan to manage, collect, and invest zakat funds has been carried out properly and professionally by BAZNAS Padang City. Based on the initial survey, it was found that three small traders who received assistance from the Padang City Baznas did not increase their wares from before, even one of them went out of business. The purpose of this study is as an advocacy material related to the management of zakat distribution in an effort to improve the mustahik economy, namely those who are members of the Padang Sejahtera program.This study uses descriptive qualitative analysis methods and data sources to obtain information related to zakat in BAZNAS Padang City. Techniques for collecting data on observing, interviewing, and documenting activities. In order to obtain research results that can be carried out, there is a responsibility that can be carried out by triangulation. Referring to the research activities carried out, the results of the distribution of zakat from BAZNAS Padang City can have a mustahik effect, although not optimal. The zakat assistance given from the Padang City Baznas is very large, so the opportunity for advancement for mustahik is not optimal. Finding funds for the mustahik funding proposal is slow, creating a disappointed attitude towards the mustahik. There is no assistance to mustahik. The Padang City BAZNAS has less than optimal monitoring efforts for mustahik who get a loan from zakat, because there are still mustahik who have fixed assets.
The increasing divorce rate in Pariaman City is a sign for the functioning of the agency tasked with providing counseling and training to maintain marriage and keep the household in harmony, this increase in divorce can be seen from 2010 to 2021 which is a significant increase. Answering these problems, descriptive qualitative research methods are used which give the results that there are many factors for divorce and efforts to improve the quality of the Pariaman City Advisory Board for Marriage Development and Preservation, such as internal and external aspects. And one of the important formats is formulating the Effectiveness of BP4 in Efforts to Minimize the Divorce Rate with its indicators Clarity of goals to be achieved, Clarity of strategy for achieving goals, Preparation of appropriate programs and a good plan, Availability of work facilities and infrastructure, Education supervision and control system.Keywords: Effectiveness; Advisory Board for the Development and Preservation of Marriage; Divorce Rate; Pariaman City.
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