The bZIP transcription factor (TF) act as an important regulator for the abscisic acid (ABA) mediated abiotic stresses signaling pathways in plants. Here, we reported the cloning and characterization of GhABF2, encoding for typical cotton bZIP TF. Overexpression of GhABF2 significantly improved drought and salt stress tolerance both in Arabidopsis and cotton. However, silencing of GhABF2 made transgenic cotton sensitive to PEG osmotic and salt stress. Expression of GhABF2 was induced by drought and ABA treatments but repressed by high salinity. Transcriptome analysis indicated that GhABF2 increases drought and salt tolerance by regulating genes related to ABA, drought and salt response. The proline contents, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were also significantly increased in GhABF2-overexpression cottons in comparison to wild type after drought and salt treatment. Further, an increase in fiber yield under drought and saline-alkali wetland exhibited the important role of GhABF2 in enhancing the drought and salt tolerance in transgenic lines. In conclusion, manipulation of GhABF2 by biotechnological tools could be a sustainable strategy to deploy drought and salt tolerance in cotton.
Following the observation of in vitro anti-malarial activity of the ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa Linn., the active compound was isolated from its rhizome and detected in vitro, the results showed that schizont suppression of 62.63% even at the lowest concentration 0.625 µg/ml on human malaria with IC50 values of <0.625ug/ml. Another test sample extract of Eupatorium odoratum Linn, revealed that the significant antimalarial activity with IC50 value of 0.8581 ug/ml. The combination of C. longa and E. odoratum was found to be IC50 of <0.625 µg/ml showing their probable synergistic effect on the human malaria parasite. The extract and isolated compound of C. longa was further tested for their antimalarial activity using Plasmodium berghei mouse model. The highest in vivo parasite suppression was found to be 67.9% and 72.97% at the dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight for C. longa extract and isolated compound respectively. Moreover, brine shrimp toxicity test and in vivo toxicity test in mice showed no lethal effect of both C. longa and E. odoratum at the tested concentration which is moderately high. The results showed that both plant samples are potentially safe and possess prospective anti-malarial activity. It can be used as a single or combination.
Roses are the most important cut flowers in the world. Tissue culture of rose has been improved since last twenty years, and exploited for various purposes from basic anatomical and physiological research to micropropagation from auxiliary buds, shoot tips, leaf explants, etc. Single bud nodal stem segments were surface sterilized and then cultured on MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l sugar, 6 g/l agar and different concentrations of BAP(1, 2, 3, 4 and 5mg/l). Among them, the most suitable concentration for shoot initiation and multiplication was 3mg/l BAP. And it also found that the best for shoot elongation occurred in MS medium supplemented with BAP 3 mg/l and GA3 1mg/l. The proliferated microshoots were transferred to root inducing media of half strength MS medium supplemented with 15 g/l sugar, 5 g/l agar and NAA (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mg/l). The best rooting was observed at NAA 1 mg/l concentration. The least response in root formation was found at NAA 0.5 mg/l supplementation on half strength MS media.
Cotton, being a leading commercial fibre crop, is grown on 20.5 million hectares in three major cotton-producing countries: China, India and Pakistan. Wide differences in yield per hectare exist among these countries and these are being aggravated by changing climate conditions, i.e. higher temperatures and significant seasonal and regional fluctuation in rainfall. Pakistan is one of the countries most affected by climate change. The disastrous effects of extreme periods of heat stress in cotton were very prominent in Pakistan during the growing seasons 2013-2014 (40-50% fruit abortion) and 2016-2017 (33% shortfall), which posed an alarming threat to the cotton-based economy of Pakistan. Poor resilience of the most commonly grown cotton varieties against extreme periods of heat stress are considered to be major factors for this drastic downfall in cotton production in Pakistan. Using the approach of induced mutation breeding, the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan, has demonstrated its capabilities in developing cotton mutants that can tolerate the changed climatic conditions and sustain high yields under contrasting environments. The results of studies on the phenological and physiological traits conferring heat tolerance are presented here for thermo-tolerant cotton mutants (NIAB-878, NIAB-545, NIAB-1048, NIAB-444, NIAB-1089, NIAB-1064, NIAB-1042) relative to FH-142 and FH-Lalazar. NIAB-878 excelled in heat tolerance by maintaining the highest anther dehiscence (82%) and minimum cell injury percentage (39%) along with maximum stomatal conductance (27.7 mmol CO2/m2/s), transpiration rate (6.89 μmol H2O/m2/s), net photosynthetic rate (44.6 mmol CO2/m2/s) and physiological water use efficiency (6.81 mmol CO2/μmol H2O) under the prevailing high temperatures.
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