IntroductionUrinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health problem among women compared with men due to shorter urethra, closer proximity of the anus with vagina and pathogen entry facilitated by sexual activity. 1,2 It is estimated that one in three women of childbearing age contracts UTI, which may manifest symptoms or remain asymptomatic. 3 Pregnant women are more susceptible to UTI, owing to altered anatomical and physiological state during pregnancy. 2 Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a presence of a significant quantity of bacteria in a properly collected urine specimen from a person without symptoms or signs of UTI. 4 Asymptomatic bacteriuria occurs in 2 to 7 percent of pregnant women. 5,6 It typically occurs during early pregnancy, with only approximately a quarter of cases identified in the second and third trimesters. 7 Factors that have been associated with a higher risk of bacteriuria include a history of prior UTI, pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM), increased parity and low socioeconomic status. 8
Background: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have chronic anovulation and androgen excess not attributable to another cause. The fundamental pathophysiologic defect is unknown. Defects in LH secretion, LH/FSH ratio, amplitude of LH pulsations have been described; but the prevalence of these defects is not still clearly determined. Objective: To review the variable clinical presentations of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out in Combined Military Hospitals of Jessore, Rangpur and Ghatail during November 2008 to June 2013. One hundred patients attending Gynaecology Outpatient Department (GOPD) having at least two of the following criteria hyperandrogenism, chronic oligo- or anovulation and ultrasonographic findings were selected. In all selected women LH and FSH serum levels were determined and LH/FSH ratios were calculated. Body mass index (BMI) was measured and was scored to classify their state of obesity. The collected data were compiled and arranged in tables and were subjected to analysis. Results: Most of the patients (92%) were 2030 years old. Chief complaint of the patients was infertility, either primary (72%) or secondary (28%). Eighty percent women had menstrual irregularities, 30% were hirsute, 71% cases were overweight and 17% were obese. On pelvic ultrasonogram polycystic ovaries were found in 20% cases and 80% had normal ovaries. Thirty percent patients had LH/FSH ratio between 2.12.9, 32% had >3 and it was found normal in 38% of cases. Conclusion: PCOS cannot be diagnosed by a single clinical or laboratory finding. The diagnostic approach should be based largely on history and physical examination. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v4i3.20944 J Enam Med Col 2014; 4(3): 156-160
Ovarian cysts during pregnancy are not uncommon. With increasing use of early antenatal ultrasound, the incidental discovery of adnexal masses during early gestation is a clinically relevant problem that requires careful consideration.Here, we have presented a case in pregnancy with a large ovarian cyst with a history of unilateral oophorectomy in pre-pregnancy state due to complex ovarian mass.
Pregnancy in a rudimentary horn of an unicornuate uterus is a rare and life threatening situation for mother and fetus. Usually pregnancy continues upto approximately 18-20 weeks of gestational age. Then it usually ruptures and severe haemorrhage ensues. Emergency laparotomy is the treatment of choice. Here we report a case of 36 years woman with secondary subfertility who has history of taking ovulation inducing drug. She presented with 20 weeks amenorrhoea with severe abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. Urgent laparotomy was done and the diagnosis was confirmed.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 121-123
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