Objectives: To compare the linear measurements from digital panoramic (DP) radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes for the localization of the mental foramen (MF). Material and Methods: Thirty-one patients with panoramic and CBCT radiographs depicted on the same machine were analyzed. The vertical and horizontal positions of the MF were compared by the differences in distances measured from reference points to the boundaries (tangents) of the MF in digital panoramic (DP) and CBCT reformatted panoramic (CRP) views. The vertical position of MF was also analyzed on CBCT oblique coronal views (CORO) and compared with its corresponding distances on DP and CRP views. Results: Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in all compared measurements between CRP and DP views. In addition, the vertical distance (Y1) compared between DP, CRP, and CORO views also showed a statistically significant measurement discrepancy in the mean distance (P < 0.000) with the highest mean difference of 1.59 mm (P < 0.05) was attained from Y1 (DP-CORO). Inter- and intra-examiner analysis indicated a high level of agreement for all measurements. Conclusion: The mean values of discrepancies in measurements between DP and CRP views for horizontal and vertical linear measurements were clinically tolerable. Nevertheless, significant differences in the vertical MF position were detected between the panoramic views (DP, CRP) and the coronal views (CORO). This implies that the use of coronal view measurements during implant planning might reduce the risk of neurovascular injuries.
The introduction of digital x-ray receivers which replaced conventional films was a significant radiographic development that is commonly used in daily dental practice. Dental implant therapy (DIT) is a sought after dental therapeutic intervention and dental radiography is an essential component contributing to the success of treatment. Dental radiographs taken in daily practice are generally conventional two-dimensional images and/or three-dimensional images. Ideally, the choice of radiographic technique should be determined after a thorough clinical examination and comprehensive consideration of the advantages, indications, and drawbacks. Digital three-dimensional modalities that have emerged over the last decade have been incorporated into DIT with the assumption that treatment outcomes will be improved. These modalities are constantly being reassessed and improved but there is a paucity of published information regarding the assessment of variables such as dosages and dimensional accuracy, suggesting that further research in these matters is necessary. This is crucial in order to obtain evidence-based information that may influence future radiographic practices. In this narrative, the authors present the most commonly used dental radiographic modalities currently used in DIT.
To document the types of imaging modalities that are commonly prescribed during dental implant therapy in South Africa. The radiographic preferences were obtained from practitioners via an electronic survey that was disseminated during local dental conferences, electronic channels (e.g., email lists) of multiple dental schools and local dental scientific societies, and personal interviews. The survey consisted of multiple-choice questions which were designed to investigate the most common radiographic prescriptions during various treatment phases of implant therapy. The responses of one hundred and forty-two participants (General practitioners and dental specialists) practising in different South African provinces were collected and assessed. Principally, panoramic radiographs combined with cone beam computed tomography (PAN + CBCT) followed by CBCT, as a single examination (ASE), were the most preferable modalities during the implant planning phase (39% and 29%, respectively). During and directly after the surgery, periapical radiographs (ASE) were the most preferred (87% and 65%, respectively). The most widely preferred radiographic examination during the planning of implants was panoramic radiographs combined with CBCT. Periapical radiographs (ASE) were favoured during, directly after the treatment, and during the follow-up of asymptomatic patients by the majority of participants. However, CBCT (ASE) was preferred in the follow up of symptomatic patients. Factors related to extra anatomical information and superior dimensional accuracy provided by three-dimensional volumes (e.g., CBCT volumes), were the most indicated influencing factors on the radiographic prescriptions during implant planning.
Macrodontia is a dental condition where a tooth or group of teeth are abnormally larger than average. Functional and aesthetic discrepancies may arise in affected individuals resulting in lowering the quality of life. It has been noted that macrodontia is associated with several genetic and endocrine abnormalities. Among which, KBG syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by developmental and dental abnormalities. This case report provides a brief overview of the significance of macrodontia, along with presenting a case of KBG syndrome with atypical features in a South African, 16-year-old female. The dental manifestations are often overshadowed by other more conspicuous and complex syndromic features. Recognition of both the clinical and oral changes that occur in KBG syndrome facilitates accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of this condition. The authors highlight the importance for clinicians to be cognizant of the clinical implications of macrodontia.
Aim: To report the radiographic modalities preferred during dental implant therapy in Palestine. Material and methods: fourteen multiple-choice questions were delivered in electronic and hardcopy formats questionnaires during the sixth international implantology conference (Palestine). The questions mainly investigated the radiographic techniques that are mostly used based on various clinical scenarios and treatment phases. Results: One hundred and thirty-seven responses were captured. The majority of the participants were general dentists with implant experience (79.6%). Less than a third of the participants (27.2%) were members of the Palestinian Association of Dental Implantology. The majority (85.9%) of them have their practice in a city zone. Panoramic radiograph (PAN) combined with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was the most preferred radiographic technique during the planning stage. PAN as a single examination was the most preferred radiograph directly after the implant surgery and during the follow up of Asymptomatic patients. The majority of the participants believe that three-dimensional techniques provide additional anatomical details essential for the success of the implant treatment. Conclusion: Panoramic radiograph and CBCT was the preferred choice during the planning stages of dental implants.
Background This study aims at evaluating the visibility levels of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) at different mandibular sites using panoramic (conventional & CBCT reformatted) and CBCT coronal views in a sample of a Palestinian population. Methods The panoramic (conventional [CP] & CBCT reformatted [CRP]) and CBCT coronal views (CCV) of 103 patients (206 records, right and left sides) were analyzed. The visibility of IAC at five sites extending from the first premolar to the third mandibular molar region was evaluated visually (and compared among the radiographic views) as clearly visible, probably visible, invisible/poorly visible, or not present at the examined site. On CCV, the maximum dimension of the IAC (MD), the vertical distance (VD) between the mandibular cortex and IAC, and the horizontal position (HP) of the IAC were noted. Statistical significance in the differences and relationships of the variables was tested using several statistical tests. Results There was a statistically significant relationship between the radiography modality (CP, CRP, CCV) and the visibility level of IAC (assessed in scores) at the five mandibular sites. When assessed on CP, CRP, and CCV, the IAC was clearly visible at all sites in 40.4%, 30.9%, and 39.6%, respectively, while being invisible/poorly visible in 27.5%, 38.9%, and 7.2% for the same views, respectively. The mean values of MD and VD were 3.61 mm and 8.48 mm, respectively. Conclusion Different radiographic modalities would characterize the IAC’s structure in different qualities. Superior visibility levels were obtained interchangeably using CBCT cross-sectional views and conventional panorama at different sites compared to CBCT reformatted panorama. The IACs visibility was noted to improve at their distal aspects irrespective of the radiographic modality used. Gender —but not age— was a significant factor in the visibility level of IAC at only two mandibular sites.
Objective To determine whether odontometric parameters using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) would aid in sex estimation by assessing sexual dimorphism of odontometric parameters. Material and methods The focused question was whether there is sexual dimorphism in linear and volumetric odontometric parameters when assessed using CBCT. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to conduct a systematic search until June 2022 in all major databases. Data were extracted regarding the population, size of the sample, age range, teeth analyzed, linear or volumetric measurements, accuracy, and conclusion. The quality of included studies was assessed using (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Results Out of the 3761 studies identified, twenty-nine full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Finally, twenty-three articles (4215 participants) that provided data on odontometrics using CBCT were included in this systematic review. The odontological sex estimation were assessed either linear measurements (n = 13) or volumetric measurements (n = 8) or both (n = 2). Canines were analysed in maximum number of reports (n = 14), followed by incisors (n = 11), molars(n = 10) and premolars(n = 6). Most of the reports (n = 18) confirmed the existence of sexual dimorphism in odontometric parameters when assessed using CBCT. No significant differences in odontometrics between the sexes were noted in some reports (n = 5). The accuracy of sex estimation was assessed in eight investigations, which ranged from 47.8 to 92.3%. Conclusions Odontometrics of human permanent dentition using CBCT exhibit a certain degree of sexual dimorphism. Both linear and volumetric measurements of teeth can aid sex estimation.
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