Review of the radiographic modalities used during dental implant therapy - A narrative

Abstract

The introduction of digital x-ray receivers which replaced conventional films was a significant radiographic development that is commonly used in daily dental practice. Dental implant therapy (DIT) is a sought after dental therapeutic intervention and dental radiography is an essential component contributing to the success of treatment. Dental radiographs taken in daily practice are generally conventional two-dimensional images and/or three-dimensional images. Ideally, the choice of radiographic technique should be determined after a thorough clinical examination and comprehensive consideration of the advantages, indications, and drawbacks. Digital three-dimensional modalities that have emerged over the last decade have been incorporated into DIT with the assumption that treatment outcomes will be improved. These modalities are constantly being reassessed and improved but there is a paucity of published information regarding the assessment of variables such as dosages and dimensional accuracy, suggesting that further research in these matters is necessary. This is crucial in order to obtain evidence-based information that may influence future radiographic practices. In this narrative, the authors present the most commonly used dental radiographic modalities currently used in DIT.

The Heath of The Peri-Implant Phenotype after Immediate Insertion and Loading of One-Piece and Two-Piece Dental Implants in the Anterior Region. A Clinical and Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Study

“…17,18 A decrease in marginal bone levels indicates that the implant is loosening its bony anchorage. 19 Immediate loading, defined as loading within 48 hours, was found to have a significant effect on early marginal bone loss. 20 The increase in marginal bone loss may be caused by load concentrated at the crestal bone because of micromobility of early loaded non-integrated implants.…”

“…17 18 A decrease in marginal bone levels indicates that the implant is loosening its bony anchorage. 19…”

Impact of 3D imaging techniques and virtual patients on the accuracy of planning and surgical placement of dental implants: A systematic review

“… 14 While these conventional techniques offer valuable insights, they exhibit constraints in faithfully representing the 3D anatomy of the oral and maxillofacial regions. 15 This deficiency introduces challenges in visualizing crucial anatomical structures, including nerves, sinuses, and adjacent teeth, potentially leading to complications during implant placement. 15 Advanced imaging technologies such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and computer-aided design/computer-aideded manufacturing (CAD/CAM), have facilitated precise implant planning.…”

“… 15 This deficiency introduces challenges in visualizing crucial anatomical structures, including nerves, sinuses, and adjacent teeth, potentially leading to complications during implant placement. 15 Advanced imaging technologies such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and computer-aided design/computer-aideded manufacturing (CAD/CAM), have facilitated precise implant planning. Moreover, these technologies have enabled the production of implant surgical guides through 3D printing, thereby enhancing the overall efficacy of dental implant procedures.…”

Analysis of Bone Density and Bone Morphometry by Periapical Radiographs in Dental Implant Osseointegration Process

“…These radiographs are also often used to examine or analyze a single dental implant in the edentulous jaw area [ 23 ]. In addition, periapical radiographs have fairly good resolution and detail, at least twice as much as extraoral radiographs, have low radiation exposure, are inexpensive, and are easily set up and used [ 24 ]. These radiographs can determine the approximate height of the alveolar bone, the distance between the implant site and the anatomical structure, and the quality of the alveolar bone by looking at the trabecular pattern around the implant [ 25 ].…”