Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.
Abstract:We designed this study to assess the effect of diet during Ramadan fasting on body weight and on serum lipid components in type 2 diabetic obese women. During Ramadan of 2005, 89 diabetic women receiving oral treatment (BMI = 33.20±3.01 kg m −2 ), aged 52 (±5 years), were selected. The study was carried out over 3 periods-, before (T1: pre-fasting), during (T2: fasting), and after (T3: post-fasting) Ramadan-in Sidi-bel-Abbes city. The daily food intake during the course of 3 days was recorded, and then weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) were measured. Blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA-I), apolipoprotein B (apoB), triglycerides (TGs), fasting serum glucose (FSG), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and results were compared using Student's t-test. The dietary fat consumption increased during Ramadan, especially for the saturated one and as a result induced a major lipid unbalance, marked by a disorder observed in nearly all of the serum lipid components. There was a significant weight loss in diabetic women (-2.56 kg, p<0.05) during T2, correlated with a decrease in meal frequency (r 2 = 0.313, p<0.01). As well, the level of glucose decreased significantly during T2 (8.23±0.75 mmol L −1 ) compared to T1 (9.23±1.08 mmol L −1 ). Our study showed a significant weight loss during Ramadan period and an improvement of glucose homeostasis. However, the lipid metabolism was imbalanced and was strongly linked to the Ramadan diet and to the eating habits modification.
Problem statement: Boiled white brined cheese (Nabulsi cheese) is the mostly consumed cheese in Jordan; this cheese should show meltability and high stretchability in order to fit in the production of high quality Kunafa and other popular local sweets and pastries. However, these characteristics are rarely available when usual processing and preservation methods were used. Approach: This study was based on the hypothesis that it would be possible to imply meltability and stretchability to the cheese by proteolytic enzymes to the original brine that may specifically act on cross linking bonds of casein. In this study, six commercial proteases were used. Results: It was found that Nabulsi cheese treated with papain developed an outstanding fibrous structure, this gives superiority in the application in kunafa, pizza and pastries. The meltability and stretchability of Nabulsi cheese treated with papain were still excellent after 4 weeks of storage; this indicated the restricted enzyme action, probably due to high salt concentrations (18%) in storage brine. Conclusion: Use of proteolytic enzymes to induce meltability and stretchability of Nabulsi cheese was proved to be an efficient method.
Problem statement: Nano-scale porous ZnO with high surface area have been studied to enhance physicochemical and electrochemical properties of certain optoelectronic devices applications. Approach: ZnO porous structure consists of flake-shape particles was synthesized through pyrolitic reaction of hydrozincite as Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) product. Flake-like particle perpendicularly lied on substrate was obtained after 24 hours deposition. After calcinations, cavities on particle surface were observed as additional pores. Result: Sample crystallinity and morphology before and after calcinations were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM. Porosity profile was evaluated to its particle structure using N 2 adsorption-desorption. Surface area was calculated using BET and it was 15 m 2 gram −1 . Conclusion: The particle growth in CBD technique had been observed through its morphology and crystalline structure. Macropores structure was formed by cavities among the nanoflakes lied random on substrate and give surface area of 15.1866 m 2 gram −1 .
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