Ramadan Fasting Diet Entailed a Lipid Metabolic Disorder Among Type 2 Diabetic Obese Women

Abstract

Abstract:We designed this study to assess the effect of diet during Ramadan fasting on body weight and on serum lipid components in type 2 diabetic obese women. During Ramadan of 2005, 89 diabetic women receiving oral treatment (BMI = 33.20±3.01 kg m −2 ), aged 52 (±5 years), were selected. The study was carried out over 3 periods-, before (T1: pre-fasting), during (T2: fasting), and after (T3: post-fasting) Ramadan-in Sidi-bel-Abbes city. The daily food intake during the course of 3 days was recorded, and then weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) were measured. Blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA-I), apolipoprotein B (apoB), triglycerides (TGs), fasting serum glucose (FSG), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and results were compared using Student's t-test. The dietary fat consumption increased during Ramadan, especially for the saturated one and as a result induced a major lipid unbalance, marked by a disorder observed in nearly all of the serum lipid components. There was a significant weight loss in diabetic women (-2.56 kg, p<0.05) during T2, correlated with a decrease in meal frequency (r 2 = 0.313, p<0.01). As well, the level of glucose decreased significantly during T2 (8.23±0.75 mmol L −1 ) compared to T1 (9.23±1.08 mmol L −1 ). Our study showed a significant weight loss during Ramadan period and an improvement of glucose homeostasis. However, the lipid metabolism was imbalanced and was strongly linked to the Ramadan diet and to the eating habits modification.

The effect of Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular events and risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review

“…Table 2 summarises the main characteristics of the 17 studies reporting cardiovascular risk factors. Three studies included only females [26][27][28], and one study only males [29]. The sample sizes ranged from 5 to 1301, with only three studies recruiting more than 100 participants [30][31][32].…”

“…Overall 17 out of the 22 studies reported effects on glycaemic control. Five studies reported a favourable effect of fasting on glycaemic parameters [27][28][29]31,33]. These studies showed a significant reduction in glycaemic parameters ranging from 0.48% to 0.93% for HBA1c and from 0.82 to 1.6 mmol/l for blood glucose.…”

“…The lipid profile results were inconsistent across the studies. Four studies reported a significant reduction in total cholesterol [26,30,31,35] in contrast to two studies in Algeria among overweight women reporting a significant increase in total cholesterol [27,28]. Five studies reported a significant reduction in triglyceride [26,29,31,37,38], with another two studies reporting a significant increase [28,38].…”

Fasting and Diabetes: An Experience with Safety of Fasting in Peoples with Type II Diabetes

“…In a cohort of 276 obese women with type 2 diabetes, fasting during Ramadan was associated with decreased total calorie intake, weight reduction [9] and improvement in glucose homeostasis [10]. Recommendations for the management of diabetes during Ramadan were last published in 2005 by the American Diabetes Association.…”

Excess Body Fat Elimination (Anti-Obesity) Effects of <i>Vernonia Amygdalina</i> Leaf Extract

“…Herbal effects obsrved in diffirent cases (Abdel Wahab et al, 2008;Alhusseini et al, 2010;Balasubramanyam et al, 2006;Hajati et al, 2011;Khaled and Belbraouet, 2009;Mahfouz et al, 2010;Mansi, 2006;Pulakat et al, 2008;Sulaiman et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2010).…”