In recent years, mobile phone has evolved from essentially an interpersonal communication device to a multimedia machine known as "smartphone". The usage rate of smartphone in Malaysia is still slow comparing to her neighbour, Singapore. Among all states in Malaysia, Perlis was reported to be the lowest smartphone users. This study attempts to investigate the antecedents that shaped the purchase intention of smartphone among adolescents in Perlis. A total of 379 close-ended questionnaires were distributed among young adults aged 19-26 who lives in Perlis. The questionnaires contained measures of relative advantages, price, social influence, compatibility as well as demographic information. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regressions. The study suggests that it is vital for the organization to understand their target market's preferences before embarking on their marketing activities.

Resurgence in agricultural-based sectors in Malaysia recently has prompted this study to explore the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) patterns as an indicator to explain Malaysian agro-based enterprises. The study is based on 615 observations of Bumiputera small and medium agro-based enterprises (BSMAEs) in three regional growth corridors (RGCs) throughout the Peninsular. Item analysis were done for all items in all regions and based on regions to describe their central tendency shown in mean and standard deviation value. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was run to segregate EO items into specific factor based on regions under study. Subsequently, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and discriminant analysis were run to indicate significant difference in some EO dimensions explaining the RGCs under study. EO dimensions of proactiveness and autonomy orientations were found significantly explained the RGCs. The findings suggest remodification of present policy formulation for small an medium enterprises development at regional level.

The human development report in 2003 of United Nation Development Program (UNDP) reveals that among others, economic reforms to establish macroeconomic stability is crucial for sustainable human development. The study aims to establish pertinent factors influencing performance of small and medium agro-based enterprises in northern states of Malaysia. The study utilizes 125 sample firms that operate in agricultural sectors. Direct and indirect effects of distinctive capabilities on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and return on sales relationship among Malaysian agro-based entrepreneurs showed the development imperative.

Small and medium agro-based enterprises (SMAEs) in Malaysia is progressing parallel with the developed nations' direction in 2020. The progress in this sector could be enhanced with the support of strategic entrepreneurship variables. Entrepreneurial orientation, knowledge, business network, technology, strategy and perceived environmental factors showed significant impact on growth, efficiency and effectiveness of the SMAEs. A total of 615 observations were collected from owner or manager of multi sectoral SMAEs. The study substantiated specific EO patterns among SMAEs between regional growth corridors (RGCs) on the peninsular. EO among SMAEs in Malaysia shows some forms of strategic entrepreneurship. Knowledge, network and EO were important determinants for SMAEs' growth, efficiency and effectiveness. Moreover, social network showed significant intervening effect for higher SMAEs effectiveness when EO was used. Presence of technology, strategy and perceived environment justified higher SMAEs' growth, efficiency and effectiveness when knowledge, network and EO were utilized.