Whether being overweight or obese is associated with increased risk of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains controversial. We evaluated the dietary intakes and risk for IDA in relation to body mass index (BMI). One thousand two hundred and seventy-four females aged ≥19 years, enrolled in the third Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 2005–2008, were selected. Half of the women were either overweight (24.0%) or obese (25.3%). The overall prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and IDA among adult women was 19.5%, 8.6% and 6.2%. BMI showed a protective effect on IDA: overweight (odds ratio, OR: 0.365 (0.181–0.736)) and obese (OR: 0.480 (0.259–0.891)) when compared with normal weight. Univariate analysis identified increased IDA risk for overweight/obese women who consumed higher dietary fat but lower carbohydrate (CHO) (OR: 10.119 (1.267–80.79)). No such relationship was found in IDA women with normal weight (OR: 0.375 (0.036–4.022)). Analysis of interaction(s) showed individuals within the highest BMI tertile (T3) had the lowest risk for IDA and the risk increased with increasing tertile groups of fat/CHO ratio; OR 0.381 (0.144–1.008; p = 0.051), 0.370 (0.133–1.026; p = 0.056) and 0.748 (0.314–1.783; p = 0.513); for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. In conclusion, a protective effect of BMI on IDA may be attenuated in women who had increased fat/CHO ratio.

Background: Prevalence of constipation in pregnant women is estimated at 11-38%. Impact of constipation in pregnant women are haemorrhoids and decreased quality of life. Meanwhile, determinants known to influence constipation during pregnancy are hormonal changes, poor diet, low physical activity and lack of fluid consumption. Objectives: Identify the determining factors that can affect occurrence of constipation and investigated the difference based on constipation status among pregnant women in Public Health Centre in Jakarta, Indonesia;Methods: This research was a cross sectional design conducted in July 2019 to October 2019. The subject was pregnant women. We used accidental sampling method to recruit subjects in Public Health Centre, Kebun Jeruk, West Jakarta. We measured the determining factors of constipation among pregnant women. Characteristic of pregnant women, knowledge, attitudes and practices were measured by questionnaires. Anthropometrics data for weight, height, and mid arm circumference were measured. Haemoglobin level was also measured. Bivariate analysis using Pearson or Spearman was used to investigate which factors associated significantly with constipation among pregnant women. We also assessed the difference of characteristic of pregnant women, knowledge, attitudes and practices using differential analysis (Mann-Whitney U-test). Results: The results showed that prevalence of constipation was 30%. Differential analysis showed that mothers who experienced constipation had a younger age and low nutritional and hydration behaviour scores. Other variables such as gestational age, weight before pregnancy, upper arm circumference, height, haemoglobin, knowledge score and nutritional attitude and hydration did not show significant differences based on constipation status. Correlation analysis showed an inverse relationship between maternal age and incidence of constipation, with r = 0.242 and a p-value = 0.015. Maternal age, nutritional behaviour and hydration also showed significant inverse relationship with incidence of constipation (r = -0.206 and p-value 0.039);Conclusion: Nutritional and hydration behaviour during pregnancy was related to the occurrence of constipation. Mothers are advised to have good nutrition and hydration behaviour to prevent constipation.

Latar belakang: Prevalensi tingkat kelebihan berat badan di Indonesia selalu meningkat setiap tahun khususnya pada orang dewasa >18 tahun dan lebih banyak terjadi pada wanita. Faktor psikologis berupa pemilihan makanan yang berhubungan dengan kurangnya kontrol emosi terhadap perilaku makan (mindless eating) cukup berpengaruh pada tingginya prevalensi masalah gizi yang terjadi. Salah satu intervensi yang dapat diberikan adalah edukasi gizi Emotion and Mind Power in Relationship with Eating (EMPIRE).Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh dari pemberian edukasi “EMPIRE” terhadap kualitas diet dan aktivitas fisik pada wanita dengan status gizi lebih.Metode: Pre-experimental dengan desain penelitian one group pretest-posttest. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 42 orang wanita dewasa berusia 20-30 tahun dan IMT >23kg/m2 di daerah Jawa Barat dan Jakarta. Pengambilan data kualitas diet responden menggunakan alat berupa formulir food recall 24 jam dan Indeks Gizi Seimbang 3-60, untuk aktivitas fisik menggunakan instrument International Physical Activity Questionnaire versi Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Analisis data menggunakan Uji Paired Sample T-test Dependen dan Uji Wilcoxon dengan derajat kepercayaan 95%.Hasil: Nilai rerata skor kualitas diet pre test dan post test adalah 30.16 menjadi 29.62. Pada skor MET aktivitas fisik didapatkan nilai rerata pre test dan post test adalah 1307.50 menjadi 2170.50. Penelitian ini menunjunjukkan intervensi edukasi gizi EMPIRE tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap variabel kualitas diet (p>0,05), sedangkan pada variabel aktivitas fisik menunjukan bahwa pemberian edukasi gizi EMPIRE memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan aktivitas fisik responden (p≤0,05).Simpulan: Edukasi gizi EMPIRE dapat digunakan menjadi salah satu media yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan aktivitas fisik, namun tidak berpengaruh pada kualitas diet pada wanita dengan status gizi lebih.

Migrant workers have been associated with increased vulnerability to fatigue and depression. However, it remains unknown whether self-perceived acculturation among women migrant workers (WMWs) affects fatigue and depressive symptoms in relation to mental/physical distress (MPD) history. Methods and Study Design: 235 Indonesian women migrants aged 20-50 years who were working in Taipei were studied. Self-perceived acculturation, dietary acculturation, body mass index, hemoglobin, fatigue and depressive symptoms were assessed. Results: The prevalence of fatigue or depressive symptoms was 40.8%. WMWs with MPD history are increased risk for fatigue (OR: 5.584 (2.694-11.574)) and depression (OR: 2.625 (1.242-5.549)) and they acculturate differently than women without MPD history. Among women with MPD history, a better self-perceived eating habit was associated with lower risk (OR: 0.132 (0.018 -0.980) for fatigue or depressive symptoms compared with no changes. Conclusion: WMWs with self-reported mental/physical distress (MPD) history (fatigue or depression) were more likely to develop fatigue and depressive symptoms compared with women with no MPD history and a better self-perceived eating habit may protect them to develop on fatigue or depressive symptoms.

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi gizi lebih pada remaja usia 13-18 tahun sebesar 7.1% hingga 14.1% diantara tahun 1993 dan 2014. Kesadaran dan Puasa Ramadan telah menjadi alternatif pilihan untuk mengatasi gizi lebih. Tujuan: Kita mengevaluasi efektivitas Intervensi Sadar Puasa Ramadan (ISPR) versus Standar Diet Puasa Ramadan (SDPR) pada remaja putri dengan gizi lebih untuk memperbaiki asupan makanan dan aktivitas fisik. Metode: 48 remaja putri dengan gizi lebih dari Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri (usia 15-17 tahun) dirandomisasi untuk kelompok ISPR atau SDPR. Kelompok ISPR diberikan 6 x 60 menit sesi edukasi gizi dengan pendekatan kesadaran and SDPR diberikan 6 brosur edukasi gizi standar. Edukasi gizi diberikan selama 2 minggu sebelum Puasa Ramadan. Dua minggu sebelum dan sesudah Puasa Ramadan, asupan zat gizi makro, serat dan   gula dikur menggunakan 2x24 recall, aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan IPAQ, dan indeks massa tubuh per umur diukur menggunakan timbangan digital dan stadiometer. Hasil: Proporsi remaja putri yang membaik status gizi menjadi normal adalah 29.1 % pada kelompok ISPR dan 8.3% pada kelompok SDPR. Asupan energi dan karbohidrat berkurang signifikan di kelompok ISPR dan SDPR (p-value <0.05). Asupan protein dan gula berkurang signifikan di kelompok ISPR (p-value <0.05). Asupan serat tidak meningkat signifikan di kelompok ISPR dan SDPR (p-value >0.05). Uji independent t-test menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan asupan zat gizi makro, serat dan gula di kedua kelompok ISPR dan SDPR (p-value >0.05). Aktivitas fisik berkurang signifikan baik di kelompok ISPR dan SDPR (p-value <0.05). Namun, uji independent menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan aktivitas fisik diantara kedua kelompok ISPR dan SDPR p-value >0.05). Kesimpulan: Intervensi ISPR dan SDPR menunjukkan kemampuan untuk mengatasi gizi lebih pada remaja putri. Namun, intervensi ISPR memberikan perbaikan signifikan terhadap perbaikan status gizi dan perilaku konsumsi terutama energi. Kata kunci: Gizi Lebih, Remaja Putri, Sadar Puasa Ramadan, Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, Aktivitas Fisik