Interactive Effects of Dietary Fat/Carbohydrate Ratio and Body Mass Index on Iron Deficiency Anemia among Taiwanese Women

Abstract

Whether being overweight or obese is associated with increased risk of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains controversial. We evaluated the dietary intakes and risk for IDA in relation to body mass index (BMI). One thousand two hundred and seventy-four females aged ≥19 years, enrolled in the third Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 2005–2008, were selected. Half of the women were either overweight (24.0%) or obese (25.3%). The overall prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and IDA among adult women was 19.5%, 8.6% and 6.2%. BMI showed a protective effect on IDA: overweight (odds ratio, OR: 0.365 (0.181–0.736)) and obese (OR: 0.480 (0.259–0.891)) when compared with normal weight. Univariate analysis identified increased IDA risk for overweight/obese women who consumed higher dietary fat but lower carbohydrate (CHO) (OR: 10.119 (1.267–80.79)). No such relationship was found in IDA women with normal weight (OR: 0.375 (0.036–4.022)). Analysis of interaction(s) showed individuals within the highest BMI tertile (T3) had the lowest risk for IDA and the risk increased with increasing tertile groups of fat/CHO ratio; OR 0.381 (0.144–1.008; p = 0.051), 0.370 (0.133–1.026; p = 0.056) and 0.748 (0.314–1.783; p = 0.513); for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. In conclusion, a protective effect of BMI on IDA may be attenuated in women who had increased fat/CHO ratio.

Understanding the determinants of hemoglobin and iron status: adolescent–adult women comparisons in SANHANES‐1

“…What is notable in the current research is that consuming visible fat in the meat increased chances of ID by up to 11-fold. These results are consistent with those of Chang et al, 44 who also showed, in the univariate analysis they conducted for data from ≥19-year-old women participating in the third NAHSIT study, that dietary fat increased the risk of IDA in overweight/obese women by 10-fold (i.e., OR: 10.119, 95% CI: 1.267-80.79).…”

“…This could therefore explain the current findings that being overweight and obese appear to be protective against anemia, ID, and IDA in young adults. Similar findings were published by Chang et al, 44 who reported that BMI in ≥19-year-old women participating in the third Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 2005-2008 had a protective effect against IDA. In fact, the authors also showed that the IDA-overweight relationship resulted in an OR of 0.365 (95% CI: 0.181-0.736) and the IDA-obese relationship resulted in an OR of 0.480 (95% CI: 0.259-0.891) compared with normal-weight peers.…”

Obesity and iron deficiency: a quantitative meta‐analysis

“…After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 26 original studies were ultimately included in the meta‐analysis (Fig. ), including 21 cross‐sectional studies and 5 case–control studies ; no cohort studies were include in the analysis.…”

“…Fifteen studies reported serum iron levels , 10 reported TS% , 15 reported serum ferritin and 4 reported sTfR . Fifteen studies evaluated the risk of developing ID among overweight/obese populations , and four studies evaluated the risk of developing IDA . Detailed information regarding the weight diagnoses and outcomes is summarized in Supporting Information http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.12323/suppinfo.…”

Correlation Between Anthropometric Measurements and Risk of Anemia Among Rural Community in Cangkringan, Sleman

“…Anthropometric measurement studies have been widely conducted internationally (especially BMI) and show a significant Dita Maria Virginia and Fenty correlation between anthropometric measurements and risk of anemia (Chang et al, 2014;Hausman et al, 2011;Saxena et al, 2011). However, studies in Indonesia related to anthropometry and anemia have not been conducted.…”