Background: Gingivitis and periodontitis cause the inflammation of the soft tissue around the teeth and destroy the supporting structures of the teeth. This is highly prevalent during pregnancy and lactation. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the periodontal status in pregnant and lactating women in Ilam province, Iran in 2018 - 2019. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 100 pregnant and lactating women who were selected via cluster and stratified sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24 using independent t-test, chi-square, and one-way ANOVA at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean age of the pregnant and lactating women was 25.62 ± 5.52 and 29.08 ± 6.83 years, respectively. In total, 30% of the pregnant women had a healthy gingival, 18% had bleeding, 36% had a mass, and 16% had CPITN. As for the lactating women, 44% had a healthy gingival, 32% had bleeding, 20% had a mass, and 4% had an envelope. CPITN index II and III were significantly higher in the pregnant women compared to the lactating women. Among the pregnant women, there were 49 housewives and only one employee, while 50 of the lactating women were housewives. Conclusions: According to the results, the sample population had an unfavorable periodontal status, and the pregnant women needed more oral health education.
Purpose: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common and most malignant disorder of the oral cavity. Standard cancer treatments have many complications for patients. Nausea, vomiting, and perturbation in blood cells are the most common side effects when using Doxorubicin (Dox) for the treatment of OSCC. Use of Doxorubicin-loaded nano-particles (n-Dox) give rise to increase its biological efficacy and the rapeutic effects. This study assessed the efficacy of the injectable form of the n-Doxon blood parameters and cardiac and liver enzymes compared to the commercial form of Dox in OSCC-induced by 4NQO in rats. Methods: 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxideas was used as a solution in drinking water for inducing OSCC during 14 weeks in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Four groups of animals were categorized randomly: first (OSCC+Dox), second (OSCC+n-Dox), third (OSCC) and, last, healthy animals. Results: Using n-Dox had no harmful effect on the number of white and red blood cells. Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia in animals treated with n-Dox was less than the other groups. Hemoglobin and hematocrit in all treated groups did not differ and were similar to the healthy control. Hepatic and cardiac enzymes did not show any significant difference in any of the groups. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that significant decreases in haematological changes occurred, including leukopenia and anemia, in an animal model of OSCC induced by 4-NQO following use of n-Dox with compare to Dox. Use of n-Dox is better than of Dox for treatment of OSCC.
Background & objectives:Combination treatments of chemotherapy and nanoparticle drug delivery have shown significant promise in cancer treatment. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of a nanodrug complex with its free form in the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in rats.Methods:In this study, 75 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was induced by using 4- nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) as a carcinogen. Newly formulated doxorubicin (DOX)-methotrexate (MTX)-loaded nanoparticles, and free DOX-MTX were administrated intravenously to rats. During the study, the animals were weighed once a week. At the end of the treatment, rats’ tongues were evaluated histopathologically.Results:There was significant difference between the mean weight of rats in groups A and B (P=0.001) and also groups A and K (P<0.001). No significant association was found between the mortality rate of groups. The difference between the severity of dysplasia of treated and untreated groups was significant (P<0.001).Interpretation & conclusions:Our study showed that DOX-MTX nanoparticle complex was more effective than free DOX-MTX in chemotherapy treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in rat models. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the nanoparticle complex and its potential therapeutic application for different types of cancer.
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