Comparison of injectable doxorubicin & its nanodrug complex chemotherapy for the treatment of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide induced oral squamous cell carcinoma in rats

Abstract

Background & objectives:Combination treatments of chemotherapy and nanoparticle drug delivery have shown significant promise in cancer treatment. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of a nanodrug complex with its free form in the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in rats.Methods:In this study, 75 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was induced by using 4- nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) as a carcinogen. Newly formulated doxorubicin (DOX)-methotrexate (MTX)-loaded nanoparticles, and free DOX-MTX were administrated intravenously to rats. During the study, the animals were weighed once a week. At the end of the treatment, rats’ tongues were evaluated histopathologically.Results:There was significant difference between the mean weight of rats in groups A and B (P=0.001) and also groups A and K (P<0.001). No significant association was found between the mortality rate of groups. The difference between the severity of dysplasia of treated and untreated groups was significant (P<0.001).Interpretation & conclusions:Our study showed that DOX-MTX nanoparticle complex was more effective than free DOX-MTX in chemotherapy treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in rat models. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the nanoparticle complex and its potential therapeutic application for different types of cancer.

The frequency of tumors of the head and neck in a 10-year period in Ilam, Iran

“…Based on the findings of this study, the annual incidence of head and neck cancers was estimated at 1.5 per 100,000 people. The annual incidence of cancer in men and women is 98 and 110 per 100,000 people, respectively (9).The findings of this study showed that the incidence of tumors of the head and neck in men was higher than in women, which was consistent with the results seen by Delavarian, Shiva, and Qbanchy (11,12,13).In this study, the most common age of head and neck tumors was related to the 41 to 60 age group, showing that the risk of tumors increases with aging, similar to cited references, and textbooks, and studies results (8,14).The results of this study showed that the most common site of tumors in the head and neck was head and face skin, and the highest number of malignant tumors (18.5%) was found to be basal cell carcinoma, contradicting the results seen by Qbanchy, Burket, and Silverman expressing squamous cell carcinoma the most common malignant tumor of head and neck (13,14,15).According to the findings of this study, basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy in the head and neck, which is consistent with Neville's opinion that basal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer among all cancers (8).It was reported that the highest affected area for basal cell carcinoma was the nose (43.9%), similar to Nevliie and Burket's findings, where 80% of these lesions occurred in the head and neck. The most common complaint of patients with basal cell carcinoma was the creation of a firm nodule on the face that was similar to the results of Lyubomir's studies (16).…”

“…prevalence, which is similar to Neville's finding that cystic lesions occur more frequently in men than in women, 15% of the cysts occur on the scalp (8).This study's findings have shown that nevus was reported as the most common benign tumor in women (10.4%). These results are consistent with the references and textbooks stating that nevus is the most common tumor in humans and mostly affects women and the skin of the head and neck (8,14).…”

“…Oral cancers occur in men at a rate of about 4% and in women at a rate of about 2% of all cancers; in other words, the incidence of oral cancer is twice as common in men as in women (7). Research has shown that smoking is a major cause of oral cancer, and of course alcoholic drinks, constant exposure to sunlight, jobs associated with phenolic factors, genetic factors, and types of human papilloma virus (HPV) and viruses such as EBV are also causative factors (8).The prevalence of oral cancer in the United States of America is 11.3 cases per 100,000 people, and, in India, about 50% of cancers are oral cancers. Statistical research in United States shows that about 55,000 cases of head and neck cancer are diagnosed annually, of which about 13,000 are fatal (9).Epidemiological studies of cancer examine the sex, age, social and economic differences in cancer patients in various geographic regions of the country and various countries.…”

Comparison of E-cadherin and CD44 Markers Expression in Oral Lichen Planus, Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…4 About 10-15% of dysplasia diagnosed as leukoplakia eventually develops squamous cell carcinoma, especially in the floor of the mouth. 5 Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skinmucosa that often involves the oral cavity and occurs mainly in people aged 30-70 years and in women. 6 Its prevalence in different populations has been reported between 0.5 and 2.3%.…”