Background:-University studentsare routinelycomplaining of triggers, especiallyirregular sleepand stress, which are commonly associated with migraineattacks. Objectives:-To assess the prevalenceof migraine headache among female students at Taibah University (Saudi Arabia) and to determine the common triggering and palliative factors of migraine headache among female University students. Methods:-A cross-sectional study was carried out among female university students.Participants who had suffered from two or more headaches in the previous 3 months were subjected to the IDMigraine screening test, then who had at least two positive answers of the screening test were confirmed as a migraineursbased on the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society for migraine. Results:-Migraine was detected among 244 out of 395 students (61.8%).Physical stimulation as (light, loudness, change in weather, certain smells) were the most triggering factors of migraine in 170/244 (69.7%) of migraine students. The most important relieving factors were rest and sleep in 155/244 (63.5%), medication in (33.2%), followed by darkening room in (30.3%), message in (20.1%), and coffee drink in (18%) of migraine students. This study showed significant association between migraine headache and family history of migraine and studying in theoretical colleges. Conclusions:-The prevalenceof migraine among female students in Taibah University was high in comparison to other studies. The study recommend raising awareness towards migraine among students and teaching them how to deal with such a disabling condition to achieve optimum coping techniques aiming to a better quality of life.Copy Right, IJAR, 2013,. All rights reserved.

Objectives Vitamin D deficiency leads to a myriad of healthcare problems from cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine, and neurological disorders to cancer. However, the role of vitamin D deficiency in the etiopathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unclear. This study aimed to measure objectively the impact of vitamin D deficiency on PCOS through a quantitative assessment of the existing literature. Methods We conducted a systematic search of published literature on the following online databases using EndnoteX7: MEDLINE, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL. Searches were limited to full-text English-language journal articles published between 2006 and 2016. Eligible clinical studies employed control group data to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and PCOS. Results We identified 10 studies eligible for this meta-analysis. The summary intervention effect calculated for this meta-analysis yields a value of −0.45 with a confidence interval of −1.68 to 0.79, supporting the hypothesis that lower concentrations of serum vitamin D play a role in the hormonal and metabolic dysregulation seen in PCOS. Conclusions Lower concentrations of serum vitamin D are associated with a greater risk of developing PCOS. However, the therapeutic effect of vitamin D in the setting of PCOS remains unclear and must be determined by future interventional studies.

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Purpose This article evaluates the short- and long-term outcomes of percutaneous peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters inserted by interventional radiology service and analyzes the factors that affect the sustainability of patent and functional PD catheters. Patients and Methods Retrospective single-institution study between April 2015 and February 2021. A total of 131 patients (75 males) were enrolled with mean age of 50 ± 19.6 years with an average body mass index (BMI) of 28 ± 7 kg/m2. Technical and clinical success were evaluated. Catheter-related complications were classified into mechanical and nonmechanical categories, including infectious complications. Indications for removal were analyzed. Results Technical and clinical success were 100%. The average dwelling time for the entire cohort was 497.5 ± 462.3 days. Forty-six patients (35%) were on PD at the last follow-up with an average dwelling time of 492 days. PD-related complications were reported in 79/131 (60.3%) patients, including peritonitis (40.46%; 53/131), followed by malposition/migration (12.21%; 16/131), tunnel/exit site infection (10.69%; 14/131), and dysfunction (12.21%; 16/131). The incidence of peritonitis within 30 days postinsertion was 9.43% (5/53). The average interval between insertion and migration was 100.5 ± 144.8 days (95% confidence interval, 6.9–14.4). There was a trend for a higher rate of malposition/migration in patients with higher BMI (p = 0.0561). Causes for PD catheters removal were: (1) infection-related (24.4%; 32/131), (2) renal transplant recipients (16%; 21/131), (3) mechanical complications (13.7%; 18/131), and (4) patient's preference (7.6%; 10/131). Conclusion Percutaneous PD catheter placement by interventional radiologists provides acceptable long-term outcomes and complication rates that meet the recommended standards.