The article discusses the results of numerical studies of flow movement with a sharp change in the channel parameters. The numerical study of the flow in the channels and rivers creates the possibility of a multivariate forecast of channel processes, rivers, and requires minimal expenditures. The purpose of the study is to determine the main objectives and directions of research in the area under consideration. A mathematical model and a computer program have been developed that allow solving a wide range of tasks for modelling currents in the channels of various difficulties, taking into account daily regulation. This makes it possible to identify and proactively take measures, such as: determining the time to reach the flow along the channel; the establishment of water volume flow in an arbitrary channel; taking emergency measures to regulate the incoming residual volume of water after its termination into the system, in the event of an accident at pumping stations; identification of the nature and direction of channel processes; prevention of undermining of supports and damage to power lines passing through the channel, and many other engineering tasks. The developed tested mathematical model allows in real conditions and in real time to help the operational services of large channels in the operational management of actions, in emergency situations, and the choice of the most effective, at any point in time, measures to minimize the consequences. Analysis of the results of many researchers has created the opportunity for the authors of this article to conclude that the above system of hydrodynamic equations is applicable in mathematical modelling of motion, taking into account the transverse circulation of the flow.
The article presents the results of the tests on cavitation-abrasive wear of pumps, depending on their operation modes. And also, in the work, the issues of the appearance of cavitation in hydro abrasive flows, which can lead to rather complex phenomena, which presents difficulties for understanding the essence of the process, are considered. To date, the wear of the working bodies of centrifugal and axial pumps, depending on the mode of their operation, has not been sufficiently studied and a methodology for choosing operating modes that takes into account the wear of their parts has not been developed. Also, the work presents the results of comprehensive laboratory and field studies to research the wear rate of the elements of the flowing part of centrifugal and axial pumps. An alternating pulsating load leads to an increase in the force of interaction of the hydro abrasive flow with the surface of the chamber and increases its wear by 10%, and also reduces the productivity of the pump unit to 9%. It is recommended that the operating modes and the geometric height of the suction of the pumps be selected based on cavitation characteristics constructed from erosion tests.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the morphometry of the river bed and the hydraulic parameters of the flow under conditions of flow regulation. For the analysis of the dynamics of the bed morphometry and hydraulic elements of the flow, the Nietbaitas hydro-array located in the zone of the sub-flow of the lower reaches of the Amudarya river in Uzbekistan was selected. As a result of the analysis of data from long-term field studies and hydrometric measurements at the Nietbaitas hydrostorm of the Amudarya river, functional relationships were established between the morphometric elements of the channel and the hydraulic parameters of the flow. The dynamics of the Chezy coefficient, hydraulic resistance, and the roughness coefficient of the channel in conjunction with the hydrodynamic characteristic of the flow are established. Adapted formulas are recommended for determining the calculated values of the Chezi coefficients, roughness, and average flow velocity, taking into account the decelerating effect of the banks of the Amudarya river bed
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