The article presents the results of the tests on cavitation-abrasive wear of pumps, depending on their operation modes. And also, in the work, the issues of the appearance of cavitation in hydro abrasive flows, which can lead to rather complex phenomena, which presents difficulties for understanding the essence of the process, are considered. To date, the wear of the working bodies of centrifugal and axial pumps, depending on the mode of their operation, has not been sufficiently studied and a methodology for choosing operating modes that takes into account the wear of their parts has not been developed. Also, the work presents the results of comprehensive laboratory and field studies to research the wear rate of the elements of the flowing part of centrifugal and axial pumps. An alternating pulsating load leads to an increase in the force of interaction of the hydro abrasive flow with the surface of the chamber and increases its wear by 10%, and also reduces the productivity of the pump unit to 9%. It is recommended that the operating modes and the geometric height of the suction of the pumps be selected based on cavitation characteristics constructed from erosion tests.
The paper presents the conditions and the degree of reduction of water supply and pressure of pumping stations (PS) depending on the hydraulic resistance of the water-supply channels and structures of the PS and other various factors. And also, the results of studies of the hydraulic and operational modes of water-supplying machine channels and structures of irrigation pumping stations are presented. Analyzing the operating conditions of the pumping units, it was found that the reasons for the decrease in their operating parameters are the following: a) an increase in the hydraulic resistance of the suction line due to sediment deposition in the intake chamber, as well as due to siltation and clogging of the PS suction pipeline; b) an increase in hydraulic resistance due to the accumulation of air at elevated points of the pressure pipeline, in particular, on the crest of the siphon outlet of the PS; c) a decrease in the hydraulic efficiency of pumping units due to an increase in the surface roughness of the parts of the flow path, it due to the effect of solid abrasive particles entering through the suction line of the PS. Also, the work presents the results of complex laboratory and field studies to study the intensity of wear of the elements of the flow path of centrifugal and axial pumps. The alternating pulsating load leads to an increase in the force of interaction of the hydroabrasive flow with the surface of the chamber and increases its wear by 10%, and also reduces the productivity of the pumping unit to 9%.
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