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owing to its large molar absorption coefficients, high emission quantum yields, satisfactory chemical stability, and high tunability of photophysical properties. [10,11] The conventional BODIPY core has good structural stability, in which BF 2 -chelated inhibits the rotation around the CN pyrrole bridging bonds, which enhances the structural rigidity and endows the system with fluorescence emission properties. [12] The BODIPY core has 8 covalently modified positions, which can be divided into pyrrole ring carbons, the meso-carbon, and the boron atom. [11,13,14] These abundant active sites provide lots of possibilities to expand the structure of BODIPY derivatives through functionalization and to tune their photophysical properties. [15] In the past few decades, the structural modification strategies of BODIPY units and the resulting effects have been systematically explored, [4,16] providing a solid research foundation for the current-stage design and construction of various functional BODIPY derivatives for different occasions. After decades of development, by virtue of the high molar extinction coefficient, longer wavelength absorbing, outstanding photosensitivity, satisfactory internal stability, better biocompatibility relative to inorganic dyes, high light-dark toxicity ratios, and preferable photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), [4,[17][18][19] there has been considerable interest in exploring the application of BODIPY as photosensitizers (PSs) in the area of phototherapy, which involves the production of reactive The use of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) in biomedicine is reviewed. To open, its synthesis and regulatory strategies are summarized, and inspiring cutting-edge work in post-functionalization strategies is highlighted. A brief overview of assembly model of BODIPY is then provided: BODIPY is introduced as a promising building block for the formation of single-and multicomponent self-assembled systems, including nanostructures suitable for aqueous environments, thereby showing the great development potential of supramolecular assembly in biomedicine applications. The frontier progress of BODIPY in biomedical application is thereafter described, supported by examples of the frontiers of biomedical applications of BODIPY-containing smart materials: it mainly involves the application of materials based on BODIPY building blocks and their assemblies in fluorescence bioimaging, photoacoustic imaging, disease treatment including photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy. Lastly, not only the current status of the BODIPY family in the biomedical field but also the challenges worth considering are summarized. At the same time, insights into the future development prospects of biomedically applicable BODIPY are provided.

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The characteristic wind curve (CWC) was commonly used in the previous work to evaluate the operational safety of the high-speed trains exposed to crosswinds. However, the CWC only provide the dividing line between safety state and failure state of high-speed trains, which can not evaluate the risk of derailment of high-speed trains when exposed to natural winds. In the present paper, a more realistic approach taking into account the stochastic characteristics of natural winds is proposed, which can give a reasonable and effective assessment of the operational safety of high-speed trains under stochastic winds. In this approach, the longitudinal and lateral components of stochastic winds are simulated based on the Cooper theory and harmonic superposition. An algorithm is set up for calculating the unsteady aerodynamic forces (moments) of the high-speed trains exposed to stochastic winds. A multi-body dynamic model of the rail vehicle is established to compute the vehicle system dynamic response subjected to the unsteady aerodynamic forces (moments) input. Then the statistical method is used to get the mean characteristic wind curve (MCWC) and spread range of the high-speed trains exposed to stochastic winds. method produces over-conservative limits. The methodology proposed in the present paper can provide more significant reference for the safety operation of high-speed trains exposed to stochastic winds.