Endophytes, which are widely found in host plants and have no harmful effects, are a vital biological resource. Plant endophytes promote plant growth and enhance plants’ resistance to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. In addition, they enhance the synthesis of important secondary metabolites in plants and improve the potential applicability of plants in agriculture, medicine, food, and horticulture. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the interaction between endophytes and plants and summarize the construction of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) and metaomics analysis of the interaction between endophytes and plants. The application and development prospects of endophytes in agriculture, medicine, and other industries are also discussed to provide a reference for further study of the interaction between endophytes and plants and further development and utilization of endophytes.
Manganese (Mn 2+ ) is found in very small amounts in the body, but it plays an important role in maintaining normal physiological condition and involves in many cellular biological processes. It also involves the composition of many enzymes and affects the enzyme activity. It is also required for other aspects, such as blood glucose regulation, development of bone and reproduction, and brain (Aschner & Aschner, 2005;Greger, 1999). Although an adequate intake of Mn 2+ is necessary for the human body, the excessive Mn 2+ exposure can lead to male fertility decline. Numerous studies proved that environmental toxicants, manganese (Mohammed et al., 2018;
Coridius chinensis, a valued species used in traditional Chinese medicine, undergo overwintering diapause. To clarify the mechanisms, we examined how low temperature treatments can affect diapause and cold tolerance in C. chinensis. Using transcriptome analysis, we obtained differently expressed 3225 mRNAs (DEGs) and 177 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The more down-regulated DEGs and lncRNAs in diapause groups (DP) than low-temperature (LT) stress groups when compared with wild control (WC) groups. From co-expression network, 6 DEGs with 14 corresponding lncRNAs were finally identified and positively correlated to low temperature variation. Among them, 3 DEGs refered insulin signaling pathway as GAD and tdcB were up-regulated trends in WC-LT-DP, while JAK2 was decreaed after low temperature stress but increased at dispause stage. The qPCR test of GAD and JAK2 were obtained the similar results as transcriptome. Additionally, the genes annotated in the juvenile hormone synthesis pathway were almost at down-expression in DP when compared with LT groups, which was consistent with changes in juvenile hormone contents. Our results indicated the differences between cold stress and diapause in C.chinensis were closed related with the insulin metabolism and juvenile hormone synthesis, as well as diversity regulation in DEGs mean the diapause occurrence refer various fields changing in cold stress.
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