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A thiolated bis(cobalt) cofacial diporphyrin chemisorbed on an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode has the electrocatalytic activity of a four-electron (n g 3.6) dioxygen reduction catalyst. When chemisorbed on a gold electrode surface, the same catalyst exhibits the activity of only a two-electron catalyst, producing hydrogen peroxide (n ) 2.1). The edge plane graphite surface thus plays a crucial, but not understood, role in designed dioxygen reduction catalysis. Analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis results is consistent with the rings of the thiolated porphyrins being coplanar to the Au electrode plane. A structurally modified catalyst exhibits greater coplanarity and a slight increase in activity (n ≈ 2.4). The present results set the stage for a strategy of cochemisorbing functionalities onto the thiolated diporphyrin-coated Au surface, seeking those functionalities which will chemically mimic the graphite surface and elevate the catalytic reactivity to a four-electron dioxygen reduction. Such functionalities could include host-guest cochemisorption of putative carbon surface ligands within the porphyrin electrode cavity. † Present address: Collman, J. P.; Hutchison, J. E.; Lopez, M. A.; Tabard, A.; Guilard, R.; Seok, W. K.; Ibers, J. A.; L'Her, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9869-9877.(3) (a) Collman, J. P.; Hendricks, N. H.; Leidner, C. R.; Ngameni, E.; L'Her, M. Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 387. (b) Collman, J. P.; Wagenknecht, P. S.; Hutchison, J. E.

Currently there is great interest in graphene-based devices and applications. The main advantages of graphene include excellent conductive and mechanical properties. The applications of graphene cover a wide range of possibilities, from next-generation transistors to light-weight, high-strength composite materials. However, commercial use of graphene will depend on the development of an industrially-viable method of fabricating and handling graphene. The recent advances in manipulating graphene and patents will be reviewed with a focus on the progress of graphene nanoparticle synthesis and applications.

Graphene has been the subject of many scientific investigations since exfoliation methods facilitated isolation of the two-dimensional material. During this time, new synthesis methods have been developed which have opened technological opportunities previously hindered by synthetic constraints. An update on the recent advances in graphene-based technologies, including synthesis and applications into electrical, mechanical and thermal uses will be covered. A special focus on the patent space and commercial landscape will be given in an effort to identify current trends and future commercialization of graphene-related technologies.