SUMMARYThe diagnosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in three rural South African communities in which hypercholesterolaemia is very prevalent could be confirmed by the measurement of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity in circulating lymphocytes. A nominal cut off point could be proposed which separated the LDL receptor activity of 24 clinically diagnosed heterozygous FH patients and 31 healthy people. LDL receptor activity was measured as total degradation of 1251-LDL and expressed as ng LDLJmg cell protein/6 hours. The cut off point was set at 970 ng/mg protein/6 hours. This proposed cut off point was tested by assaying the LDL receptor of three homozygous FH patients and seven of their obligate heterozygous FH first degree relatives. The three homozygous FH patients showed no receptor activity and the activity of the seven obligate heterozygous first degree relatives fell below the proposed cut off point. To determine the prevalence of FH in the study population, all persons aged 15 to 24 years whose total cholesterol levels fell above the 80th centile for their age and sex, as well as their families, were approached (n= 114). The LDL receptor activity in lymphocytes of 77 of these persons aged 15 to 24 years was determined after applying the exclusion criteria. Ten of the 77 participants had LDL receptor activity below 970 ng LDIJmg protein/6 hours and were therefore diagnosed as being heterozygous FH patients. The calculation of the prevalence (corrected for exclusions) revealed that one in 71 of the 15 to 24 year old permanent residents in the predominantly Afrikaans speaking community suffered from heterozygous FH. This is higher than any FH prevalence previously reported for any group.
1. Two groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus uethiops) were fed on high-cholesterol diets which differed only with respect to the protein source. In one group casein was the only protein source, while the other group received only soya-bean protein.2. Samples of blood, bile and liver biopsy material were collected at the commencement of the study and at 3-monthly intervals until termination 12 months later.3. At the end of the experimental period all the animals (n 19) had high plasma cholesterol levels and had developed pigment gallstones, the compositions and weights of which were not related to the protein source or to plasma cholesterol levels. Gallstone weight was related to the presence of acidic and sulphated mucins in gallbladder mucosa. We were also unable to confirm the hypocholesterolaemic effect of soya-bean protein which has been demonstrated previously in rhesus monkeys and hamsters. Bile composition, and plasma lipids did not differ significantly between the casein-fed and soya-bean fed animals. Lithogenic index was below 1 for both groups and did not differ significantly between the two groups.4. No significant difference was found in the severity ofcholelithiasis between the casein-fed and the soya-beanfed animals.
India is the land of Agriculture. The role of the agricultural sector still important to Indian economy. However, despite the tremendous significance of agriculture in our country, there is disillusionment among students toward in higher agricultural education. Most of the school going students choose their career in medical and engineering and counts agriculture as boring and unattractive subject. Enhancing their perception and attitude toward agriculture as the fastest growing industry where they can start their own entrepreneurial and helping other to acquire knowledge and skill related to agriculture development will reduce dependence on government jobs and help youths to start their own agriculture start-up that will be beneficial to national economy. Thus the present study was carried out to assess students’ perception on enrolment factors in retention in higher agricultural education. A Study was conducted in six colleges of Bihar Agriculture University, Sabour, Bhagalpur. Eighty students from these six colleges were chosen through stratified random sampling. The collected data were classified, tabulated and analyzed. The findings inferred that there are major Enrolment Factors (out of twenty) contributes in students retention is agricultural education, promote agriculture within the country (Rank I). The finding of the study will help extension policy makers and Governments to frame suitable polices for educating students and youths and enhance their knowledge towards agriculture and retention in higher agricultural education.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.