ObjectivesWearable devices are currently at the heart of just about every discussion related to the Internet of Things. The requirement for self-health monitoring and preventive medicine is increasing due to the projected dramatic increase in the number of elderly people until 2020. Developed technologies are truly able to reduce the overall costs for prevention and monitoring. This is possible by constantly monitoring health indicators in various areas, and in particular, wearable devices are considered to carry this task out. These wearable devices and mobile apps now have been integrated with telemedicine and telehealth efficiently, to structure the medical Internet of Things. This paper reviews wearable health care devices both in scientific papers and commercial efforts.MethodsMIoT is demonstrated through a defined architecture design, including hardware and software dealing with wearable devices, sensors, smart phones, medical application, and medical station analyzers for further diagnosis and data storage.ResultsWearables, with the help of improved technology have been developed greatly and are considered reliable tools for long-term health monitoring systems. These are applied in the observation of a large variety of health monitoring indicators in the environment, vital signs, and fitness.ConclusionsWearable devices are now used for a wide range of healthcare observation. One of the most important elements essential in data collection is the sensor. During recent years with improvement in semiconductor technology, sensors have made investigation of a full range of parameters closer to realization.

The D-enantiomers of proteinogenic amino acids fulfill essential functions in bacteria, fungi and animals. Just in the plant kingdom, the metabolism and role of D-amino acids (D-AAs) still remains unclear, although plants have to cope with significant amounts of these compounds from microbial decay in the rhizosphere. To fill this gap of knowledge, we tested the inhibitory effects of D-AAs on plant growth and established a method to quantitate 16 out of 19 proteinogenic amino acids and their D-enantiomers in plant tissue extracts. Therefore, the amino acids in the extracts were derivatized with Marfey's reagent and separated by HPLC-MS. We used two ecotypes (Col-0 and C24) and a mutant (lht1) of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to determine the influence and fate of exogenously applied D-AAs. All of them were found in high concentrations in the plant extracts after application, even in lht1, which points to additional transporters facilitating the import of D-AAs. The addition of particular amino acids (D-Trp, D-Phe, D-Met and D-His) led to the accumulation of the corresponding L-amino acid. In almost all cases, the application of a D-AA resulted in the accumulation of D-Ala and D-Glu. The presented results indicate that soil borne D-AAs can actively be taken up and metabolized via central metabolic routes.

Four sterols and 10 triterpenes were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma pfeifferi, including the three new triterpenes 3,7,11-trioxo-5alpha-lanosta-8,24-diene-26-al (lucialdehyde D, 1), 5alpha-lanosta-8,24-diene-26-hydroxy-3,7-dione (ganoderone A, 2), and 5alpha-lanosta-8-ene-24,25-epoxy-26-hydroxy-3,7-dione (ganoderone C, 3). The structures of 1-3 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity were studied for some of the isolated compounds. Ganoderone A (2), lucialdehyde B (4), and ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta-ol (7) were found to exhibit potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus.

A new cycloartane glycoside (1) was obtained from a minor triterpene fraction of the rhizome extract of Actaea racemosa (synonym: Cimicifuga racemosa) along with a known compound, cimigenol 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside. The structure of 1 was elucidated as 20(S),22(R),23(R),24(S)-12beta-acetoxy-16beta:23,23alpha:24-diepoxy-3beta,22beta,25-trihydroxy-9,19-cyclolanost-7-ene 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (actaeaepoxide 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside) on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence.

Water is the only by‐product in an efficient and atom‐economical Cu(OAc)2‐catalyzed coupling of alcohols with sulfonamides (see proposed mechanism; Ts= p‐toluenesulfonyl). It was discovered that bissulfonylated amidines formed as intermediates when the transhydrogenative CN bond‐forming reaction is carried out in air act as novel ligands to stabilize the catalyst.

Corollosporine isolated from the marine fungus Corollospora maritima and N-analogous corollosporines are antimicrobial substances. Owing to the basic structure of the N-analogous corollosporines, they have become an attractive target for laccase-catalyzed derivatisation. In this regard we report on the straightforward laccase-catalyzed amination of dihydroxylated arenes with N-analogous corollosporines. In biological assays the obtained amination products are more active than the parent compounds.

The number of possible chemical formulae assigned to an accurate determined mass was significantly reduced by comparing spectral and theoretical isotope patterns based on mass measurement obtained with an ultrahigh-resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (ESI-FTICR-MS) at high field intensity (7 T). Reduction is performed by rating congruency between experimental and theoretical pattern intensity and mass, and filtering out compositions with insufficient user-definable results. The methods used for isotope pattern simulation, peak searching, and comparison will be briefly described and evaluated on molecule ion signals of 25 compounds (300 -1000 Da) applying a mass accuracy of Ϯ5 ppm, a set of eight elements with constant constraints (C 0-200 H 0-1000 N 0-15 O 0-15 S 0-2 Cl 0-2 Br 0-2 Ru 0-1 ), natural isotope abundances and experimental resolution (full width at half

A detailed gene expression analysis of industrial-close Bacillus subtilis fed-batch fermentation processes with casamino acids as the only nitrogen source and with a reduced casamino acid concentration but supplemented by ammonia was carried out. Although glutamine and arginine are supposed to be the preferred nitrogen sources of B. subtilis, we demonstrate that a combined feeding of ammonia and casamino acids supports cell growth under fed-batch fermentation conditions. The transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed that the additional feeding of ammonia in combination with a reduced amino acid concentration results in a significantly lower expression level of the glnAR or tnrA genes, coding for proteins, which are mainly involved in the nitrogen metabolism of B. subtilis. However, the mRNA levels of the genes of the ilvBHC-leuABD and hom-thrCB operons were significantly increased, indicating a valine, leucine, isoleucine, and threonine limitation under these fermentation conditions. In contrast, during the fermentation with casamino acids as the only nitrogen source, several genes, which play a crucial role in nitrogen metabolism of B. subtilis (e.g., glnAR, nasCDE, nrgAB, and ureABC), were up-regulated, indicating a nitrogen limitation under these conditions. Furthermore, increased expression of genes, which are involved in motility and chemotaxis (e.g., hag, fliT) and in acetoin metabolism (e.g., acoABCL), was determined during the fermentation with the mixed nitrogen source of casamino acids and ammonia, indicating a carbon limitation under these fermentation conditions. Under high cell density and slow growth rate conditions a weak up-regulation of autolysis genes could be observed as well as the induction of a number of genes involved in motility, chemotaxis and general stress response. Results of this study allowed the selection of marker genes, which could be used for the monitoring of B. subtilis fermentation processes. The data suggest for example acoA as a marker gene for glucose limitation or glnA as an indicator for nitrogen limitation.