Despite gains in some regions and countries for justice and equality, people around the world are still constrained by patriarchal hetero orthodoxy and resultant inequality, discrimination, oppression, and violence. For women in the U.S., progress towards equality has been often met with backlash, stalling and/or rolling back any advances. The same is true for the LGBTQ community. In this introduction to the second of three issues focused on social inequalities, we discuss some of the recent trends and research detailing the status of women and LGBTQ, thus providing the context within which the articles contained in this issue are situated. Research presented in the current issue examines many of the inequalities that disrupt or hinder women and LGBTQ in society, and describes potential solutions involving community interventions, policy change, and political advocacy.
Stereotype threat describes a situation when members of a stigmatized group perform poorly on a task because they are concerned about confirming others' negative stereotypes about them. A central characteristic of stereotype‐threat situations is that individuals believe that their own performance is not only reflective of their personal qualities, but that it will also be viewed as indicative of the qualities of their entire group. Seeing one's own performance in this way can produce performance pressure, distraction, anxiety, and negative thinking – all leading to subsequent underperformance.
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