Gender and sex inequalities: Implications and resistance

Abstract

Despite gains in some regions and countries for justice and equality, people around the world are still constrained by patriarchal hetero orthodoxy and resultant inequality, discrimination, oppression, and violence. For women in the U.S., progress towards equality has been often met with backlash, stalling and/or rolling back any advances. The same is true for the LGBTQ community. In this introduction to the second of three issues focused on social inequalities, we discuss some of the recent trends and research detailing the status of women and LGBTQ, thus providing the context within which the articles contained in this issue are situated. Research presented in the current issue examines many of the inequalities that disrupt or hinder women and LGBTQ in society, and describes potential solutions involving community interventions, policy change, and political advocacy.

Age and Sex-Specific Associations in Health Risk Factors for Chronic Disease: Evidence from the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (PATH) Cohort

“…All lifestyle variables were examined in the same regression model. All models were adjusted for education, income, work, and marital status to account for socioeconomic inequalities (Choi & Marks, 2011; Hazel & Kleyman, 2019). The age-specific associations between sex and health risk factors are presented by odds ratios (OR) with 95 per cent confidence intervals (95% CIs).…”

Feminism as Depicted in Mahfouz’s Palace Walk, Gordimer’s None to Accompany Me, and Coetzee’s Disgrace

“…The main concern behind gender equality is that societies support some practices through their beliefs. According to Hazel and Kleyman (2020), "for women in the U.S., progress towards equality has been often met with backlash, stalling and/or rolling back any advances." The backlash may be caused by the initial friction towards any change in society.…”

“…The issue of gender inequality has led to discrimination of women even in other areas such as occupation. According to Hazel and Kleyman (2020), women are most likely to live below the poverty line compared to men. However, the main question arises as to what hinders the actualization of equality in major platforms such as leadership, occupation, and overall human rights and freedom.…”

“…In a community guided by a tradition, the husband is deemed effective and reputable of his family and adheres to the set standards and rules. Hazel and Kleyman (2020) opine that most traditions have been among the barriers to the attainment of gender equality. According to El-Shall (2006), the Al-Sayyid Ahmad family is an example of a compliant Egyptian family.…”

Resisting Power in Discourse and Discourse in Power: Role of Discourse in Social and Gender Discrimination

“…He appreciated Bakhtin's view that dialogical relationship helps in understanding the world and the moments of past, present are future are intermingled. Hazel and Kleyman (2020) in his article, "Gender and Sex Inequalities Implications and Resistance" discussed gender discrimination that are creating hindrances in the way of women inequality and also discussed solutions for getting rid of these problems. Lathom (2004) argued that gender discrimination is not a technical issue rather it is a power issue and there is a need to raise voice against economic, standard, power and gender discriminations.…”