Anacardic acid (AA), a compound extracted from cashew nut liquid, exhibits numerous pharmacological activities. The aim of the current investigation was to assess the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities of AA in mouse models. For this, Swiss albino mice were pretreated with AA (10, 25, 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, ip) 30 min prior to the administration of carrageenan, as well as 25 mg/kg of prostaglandin E2, dextran, histamine, and compound 48/80. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated by formalin, abdominal, and hot plate tests, using antagonist of opioid receptors (naloxene, 3 mg/kg, ip) to identify antinociceptive mechanisms. Results from this study revealed that AA at 25 mg/kg inhibits carrageenan-induced edema. In addition, AA at 25 mg/kg reduced edema and leukocyte and neutrophilic migration to the intraperitoneal cavity, diminished myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde concentration, and increased the levels of reduced glutathione. In nociceptive tests, it also decreased licking, abdominal writhing, and latency to thermal stimulation, possibly via interaction with opioid receptors. Taken together, these results indicate that AA exhibits anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions and also reduces oxidative stress in acute experimental models, suggesting AA as a promising compound in the pharmaceutical arena.

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo protective effect of the angico gum biopolymer in reducing the inflammatory response and preserving the integrity of the laryngeal and esophageal mucosa.Study Design: Animal study. Methods: A murine surgical model of gastroesophageal reflux disease was accomplished and subsequently treated with angico gum or omeprazole. On days 3 and 7 post surgery, samples of the larynx and esophagus, respectively, were collected to measure the level of inflammation (wet weight and myeloperoxidase activity) and mucosal integrity (transepithelial electrical resistance and mucosal permeability to fluorescein).Results: Angico gum and omeprazole decreased laryngeal inflammation (wet weight and myeloperoxidase activity) and dramatically improved the integrity of the laryngeal mucosa. It also reduced inflammation (decreased wet weight and myeloperoxidase activity) of the esophagus and preserved the barrier function (inferred by assessing the integrity of the mucosa).Conclusion: This study demonstrates the protective effect of angico gum in an experimental gastroesophageal reflux disease model. Angico gum attenuates inflammation and impairment of the mucosal barrier function not only in the larynx but also in the esophagus.

Analysis of the number of syphilis hospitalizations in elderly women in Brazil between 2010 and 2019 by age group

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SAMS) or Wilkie syndrome is a rare clinical condition, the incidence of superior mesenteric syndrome reported in some previous studies can range from 0.013% to 0.78% but the true incidence is unknown. This syndrome is characterized by extrinsic constriction on the anterior surface of the duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta, leading to the formation of an aortomesenteric angle < 25°, and a decrease in the normal distance between the aorta and the mesenteric artery to 2-8 mm. Objective: Therefore, the objective of the present study is to carry out a systematic review of the literature to describe the superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Methodology: This study is a systematic literature review, with a qualitative approach, with interpretation and analysis of the elements obtained. The research was carried out from the survey of scientific articles found in the main search platforms for scientific articles: ScienceDirect, PubMed, SciELO, Bireme, from 2017 to 2022. Results and discussion: For this review 15 articles were selected as the studies showed that the symptoms of Wilkie syndrome are confusing, epigastric pain, vomiting, heartburn may be signs of other gastrointestinal pathologies such as gastroesophageal reflux, as presented in the literature. In chronic patients, non-operative therapy is often prolonged due to the long period of hospitalization, with a low success rate ranging from 14 to 71%. Strong's operation, gastrojejunostomy, and duodenujejunostomy are treatment options for Wilkie syndrome. Final considerations: The diagnosis of Wilkie syndrome often depends on a high index of clinical exclusion of other diseases, resulting in ineffective symptomatic symptoms. For this reason, a detailed history should be taken and after careful endoscopic evaluation, CT images should be analyzed carefully and surgery should be considered in cases of longer duration with nutritional support, always emphasizing the importance of individual assessment of each patient.

Diarrhea, which is a gastrointestinal disease, has as its main characteristic the rapid passage of gastric contents through the intestine, which leads to the loss of water and electrolytes and consequent dehydration. The most common fluid replacement is the use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) together with the use of the drug loperamide. However, the use of this medication can cause severe bacteremia followed by sepsis and even death. Currently, there is no effective pharmacological treatment for diarrhea, therefore, it is noted the importance of seeking new therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease. Thus, the aim of the present study was to conduct a research on the biological activities already described for Diminazene Aceturate with a special focus on antidiarrheal agents. For this, a survey was carried out, through patent filing searches, in the USPTO, EPO, WIPO and INPI databases, using keywords and Boolean operators. Thus, it was found in the international patent databases the number of documents referring to the use of Diminazene Aceturate in several areas, mainly in the pharmaceutical industry, but with a relatively low number of documents regarding the description of possible antidiarrheal action of the compound under study , which reinforces the innovative character of research involving the use of Diminazene Aceturate as an antidiarrheal agent.

A coagulação intravascular disseminada (CIVD) é caracterizada pela ativação in vivo do sistema de coagulação, o que resulta na deposição intravascular de fibrina e sangramento excessivo. O paciente politraumatizado sofre de um quadro de inflamação sistêmica mediada por citocinas inflamatórias. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relacionar as citocinas inflamatórias com o quadro de coagulação intravascular disseminada em pacientes politraumatizados. A revisão de literatura foi realizada a partir do levantamento de artigos científicos encontrados nas principais plataformas de busca de artigos científicos: ScienceDirect, PubMed, SciELO e BIREME, no período de março de 2021 a março de 2022, usando os descritores: traumatismo múltiplo; Citocinas; Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada. A resposta inflamatória sistêmica por estar associada à CIVD onde as citocinas e quimiocinas atuam como mediadores-chave. Há ampla evidência de que há considerável cross-talk entre ativação inflamatória e atividade hemostática. Essa interação é bidirecional, de modo que a inflamação não apenas leva à ativação da coagulação, mas ativa as proteases de coagulação também regulam de forma importante a inflamação. Mudanças nas concentrações das citocinas G-SCF, Gro-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 e MCP-1 correlacionaram-se com gravidade do quadro de pacientes politraumatizados sugerindo que essas citocinas podem estar desempenhando papéis protetores na imunopatogênese de pacientes politraumatizados, sendo assim, todas essas citocinas podem ser potenciais biomarcadores confiáveis ​​para predizendo o desenvolvimento da síndrome de CVID em pacientes com politraumatismo.

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