No abstract

No abstract

The dimensions of graphitic layer planes directly affect the reactivity of soot towards oxidation and growth. Quantification of graphitic structure could be used to develop and test correlations between the soot nanosmcmre and its reactivity. Based upon transmission electron microscopy images, this paper provides a demonstration of the robustness of a fringe image analysis code for determining the level of graphitic structure within nanoscale carbon, i.e. soot.Results, in the form of histograms of graphtic layer plane lengths, are compared to their determination through Raman analysis.

No abstract

No abstract

Aligned and dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were evaluated for solid lubrication applications. Results obtained from unidirectional sliding friction experiments indicate that MWNTs have superior friction properties and sustainability in air and vacuum. Based on analyses of wear surfaces, transfer films, wear debris, and microstructures, the lubrication mechanism of the MWNTs is discussed.

IntroductionInternationally, emergency ambulance paramedic education has evolved from ‘on the job’ training by ambulance services to tertiary-level qualifications. However, across many countries and jurisdictions, clinical practicum requirements still differ substantially. For example, Australian paramedic students spend fewer hours on clinical practicum than their United Kingdom (UK) counterparts.MethodsFifteen semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with Australian and UK paramedics and managers to identify their perceptions regarding the preparedness of graduate paramedics for practice. ResultsInterviewees in Australia and the UK identified that newly graduated paramedics require an internship period before independent practice. Interviewees in both jurisdictions recognised the robust theoretical knowledge and practical skills of graduates. Organisational operations, clinical judgement and decision-making, and care-pathway selection were areas where interviewees identified that an internship period consolidated the graduate’s learning. ConclusionThis research found that increased time spent by paramedic students on ambulances did not increase a new graduate’s ability to practice independently before an internship period. The time spent on ambulance practicums, objectives and supervisory model should be reviewed.

The Py and BPe solvent polarity scales are based on the photophysical properties of pyrene and benzo[ghilperylene dissolved in a fluid solution. The ratio of the fluorescence emission intensities for bands I and Ill serve as a quantitative measure of solvent polarity. Intensity ratios are reported for pyrene dissolved in butyl acetate, dibutyl ether, isobutyl methyl ketone (IBMK), octan-I -01, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), propylene carbonate and several waterorganic mixtures as a function of temperature. The intensity ratios for benzo[ghflperylene in butyl acetate, dibutyl ether, IBMK, dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and an aqueous DMSO mixture were also determined. The results of these measurements indicate that numerical Py values vary with temperature, particularly for the more polar solvents. In comparison the BPe solvent polarity scale appears to be nearly independent of temperature.