Carbon Nanostructure Examined by Lattice Fringe Analysis of High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Images

Wal, Randy L. Vander; Tomasek, Aaron J.; Street, Kenneth W.; Hull, David R.; Thompson, William K.

doi:10.1366/000370204322842986

Cited by 101 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In some cases, relatively large, discrete particles are formed, 86 while other graphitized carbon blacks have a less well-defined structure, with many bent and faceted layer planes and some apparently closed shell structures. 87,88 The presence of faceted planes and closed structures in the heattreated carbon is indicative of the presence of pentagonal rings, and suggests that fullerene-like elements may have been present in the original particles. On the other hand, it is possible that the pentagons may have formed during the heat treatment.…”

Section: Effect Of High-temperature Heat Treatment On Carbon Black Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on the Structure of Graphitic Carbons

Harris

2005

Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences

352

251

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Graphitic forms of carbon are important in a wide variety of applications, ranging from pollution control to composite materials, yet the structure of these carbons at the molecular level is poorly understood. The discovery of fullerenes and fullerene-related structures such as carbon nanotubes has given a new perspective on the structure of solid carbon. This review aims to show how the new knowledge gained as a result of research on fullerene-related carbons can be applied to well-known forms of carbon such as microporous carbon, glassy carbon, carbon fibers, and carbon black.

show abstract

Section: Effect Of High-temperature Heat Treatment On Carbon Black Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on the Structure of Graphitic Carbons

Harris

2005

Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences

352

251

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The separation of a fringe pair can be determined by averaging the perpendicular distance between the two fringes along their geodesic lengths. Following initial advances by Vander Wal et al [38] towards quantitative measurements, Yehliu et al [39,40] developed an algorithm comprising image processing and geometric analysis of the fringes with improved quality. Using this algorithm, Jaramillo et al [41] identified the fringe length and tortuosity for soot from a diesel powered industrial forklift to be 1 nm and 1.17 respectively, while fringe separation was not analysed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For carbon black, the intensity ratio of these two bands (I D :I G ) has been directly related to the fringe length of the nanostructure [38,40]. However, this strategy is not necessarily applicable across all studies as the 'D' band is dispersive in nature, with its position and intensity sensitive to the wavelength of the excitation laser [43].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some reports use maximum peak values, i.e. peak height [18,38], others determine the intensity by measuring the broadness of the peak, as defined by the full width at half maximum [43,45]. Moreover, the quality of the obtained spectra is often dependent on the conditions used for preparation of the sample for analysis, as fluorescence, likely due to contamination from PAH and other substances from the lubricating oil and engine wear, can significantly impact the attainable signal to noise ratio in the resultant spectrum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative nanostructure analysis of gasoline turbocharged direct injection and diesel soot-in-oil with carbon black

Pfau

Rocca

Haffner-Staton

et al. 2018

Carbon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tTwo gasoline turbocharged direct injection (GTDI) and two diesel soot-in-oil samples were compared with one flame-generated soot sample. High resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging was employed for the initial qualitative assessment of the soot morphology. Carbon black and diesel soot both exhibit core-shell structures, comprising an amorphous core surrounded by graphene layers; only diesel soot has particles with multiple cores. In addition to such particles, GTDI soot also exhibits entirely amorphous structures, of which some contain crystalline particles only a few nanometers in diameter. Subsequent quantification of the nanostructure by fringe analysis indicates differences between the samples in terms of length, tortuosity, and separation of the graphitic fringes. The shortest fringes are exhibited by the GTDI samples, whilst the diesel soot and carbon black fringes are 9.7% and 15.1% longer, respectively. Fringe tortuosity is similar across the internal combustion engine samples, but lower for the carbon black sample. In contrast, fringe separation varies continuously among the samples. Raman spectroscopy further confirms the observed differences. The GTDI soot samples contain the highest fraction of amorphous carbon and defective graphitic structures, followed by diesel soot and carbon black respectively. The A D1 :A G ratios correlate linearly with both the fringe length and fringe separation.

show abstract

“…The Intensity of the second order E 2g peak is considerably smaller than the peaks in the first order region and is buried amongst other small peaks often appearing in this region as in Figures 1(b) and (c) (Ref. 10).…”

Section: Raman Characterization Of the New Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 91%