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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the components of clinical inference within the framework of Brunswik's lens model by means of multiple-regression analysis. 2 parallel studies of clinical psychologists, the performance of Ss in a quasi-clinical task, and the performance of Ss learning a multiple-cue probability task involving neutral stimuli provide the context for the analysis. Special reference is made to the problem of clinical vs. statistical prediction. Implications for the interrelation between experimental psychology, cognitive theory, and clinical tests are discussed.Two sharply contrasting attitudes toward the psychology of inference may be observed within psychology. On the one hand, clinical psychologists behave as if there were virtually no limit to their capacity for inference making. Indeed, the general assumption, only slightly tarnished, is-the more data on which to base the inference, the better the inference is likely to be. On the other hand, experimental psychologists, particularly learning theorists, appear to believe that man's capacity for inference making is hardly more than a brief step removed from none at all. Where the truth lies, however, may be learned from the inferential behavior

The theory developed here proposes that performance in cognitive tasks involves two distinct processes: acquisition of knowledge and cognitive control over knowledge already acquired. A conceptual and analytic framework is presented which allows for the disentanglement of knowledge and control, and for the quantification of each. Evidence from studies of multiple-cue probability learning, clinical judgment, and interpersonal conflict supports the theoretical usefulness of this framework and indicates that poor performance in cognitive tasks can often be attributed to incomplete cognitive control, rather than incomplete knowledge. The importance of cognitive feedback-• as opposed to traditional outcome feedback-for the development of cognitive control is illustrated.

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We quantify the membranolytic activity of antimicrobial peptides on biomimetic lipid vesicles in a multilayer microfluidic total analysis system.

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In asthma, it is uncertain whether there is an association between degrees of exposure to domestic allergens and asthma severity. The pattern of sensitivity and exposure to common indoor allergens was examined in subjects with differing asthma severity.Sensitivity to house dust mite, dog and cat allergen and exposure to Der p 1, Can f 1 and Fel d 1 were assessed by skin prick tests and settled dust analysis in 28 subjects with severe asthma and 28 age-and sex-matched subjects with mild asthma (two declined skin prick test).All severe asthmatic subjects had at least one positive skin test and 20 of the 28 subjects were positive to all three allergens. Fourteen of the 26 subjects with mild asthma who took skin prick tests were positive to at least one, and one of these subjects was positive to the three allergens tested. Except for bedroom Fel d 1, the proportion of severe asthmatics both sensitized and exposed to each allergen at each site was significantly greater than the proportion sensitized and exposed in the mild asthma group. The geometric mean allergen concentrations, with the exception of bedroom Fel d 1, were greater in sensitized severe asthmatics than the sensitized mild asthmatics, which was significant for Der p 1 in bedroom samples and Can f 1 in bedroom and living room samples.These results support an association between the degrees of domestic allergen exposure in sensitized individuals and asthma severity. Eur Respir J 1999; 13: 654±659.