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Above‐normal rates of gypsum (CaSO4‐2H2O), up to 3,090 kg/ha broadcast in early bloom stage, on peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) plants of the ‘Virginia bunch 46‐2’ cultivar reduced pod breakdown, a destructive preharvest disease, in 2 out of 3 years, 1964–66. Gypsum increased fruit yields and percent sound mature seeds and decreased percent extra large seeds and percent fancy size pods in 1964 and 1965. In all 3 years, gypsum increased percent Ca in pods, and decreased percent K in pods and percent externally damaged seeds. In 1965, 1,345 kg/ha MgSO4 broadcast on plants in early bloom stage increased pod breakdown and percent externally damaged seeds and decreased percent Ca in pods. K2SO4 at 1,510 kg/ha in 1965, and 1,010 and 2,020 kg/ha in 1966, increased pod breakdown, percent K in pods, and percent externally damaged seeds. K2SO4 also decreased fruit yield and percentages of extra large and sound mature seeds, fancy size pods, and Ca in pods.

1974-1977 . In addition, in 1974 Materials and Methods Tests at Multiple Field LocationsIn 1973,31 peanut lines were grown at one location in Virginia (Site-1) and 26 peanut lines were grown at one location in North Carolina (Site-2) 22 entries being common to both locations (Table 1). Florigiant, a susceptible virginia-type cultivar grown on 95% ofthe Virginia peanut area, and Spancross, a resistant spanish-type cultivar were used as checks. A randomized complete block design wth four replications was used at both locations. Plots were two rows 1.8 m wide and 10.4 m long at Site-1 and 12.2 m long at Site-2. Susceptibility to CBR was determined by the number of dead plants per plot with a maximum of 20 dead plants per plot.In 1974, 16 peanut lines (Table 2) were grown at one location in Virginia (Site-3) and seven peanut lines from this test were grown at two locations in Virginia in 1975 (Sites-4 and 5). with Spancross included as a resistant check. A randomized complete block design was used at all locations with four replications in 1974 and six replications in 1975. Plots were two rows 1.8 m wide x 7.6 long in 1974 and 6.1 m long in 1975. Susceptibility to CBR was determined by the percent dead plants per plot (6,7), and visual estimates for CBR damage to pods and roots were made (6).Twelve peanut lines (Table 3) were grown at one location in 1976 (Site-7) and two locations in 1977 (Sites-10 and 11) in Virginia. Spancross, VGP 1, and NC 3033 were included as resistant checks and Florigiant as a susceptible check in these tests. A randomized complete block design with six replications was used at all locations. Plots were 2 rows 1.8 m wide and 6.1 m long. Susceptibility to CBR was determined by the percent dead plants per plot (6,7). In addition, at Site-11 visual estimates of CBR damage to pods were made (6).

Groundnut rust (Puccinia arachidis), which has long been considered as endemic to the Western Hemisphere, has spread to many countries i n Asia, Australia and Africa in recent years. In India it was first observed i n 1969 i n Punjab State and subsequently in many other groundnut growing states. I n our surveys we observed severe damage to the crop i n Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and parts of Karnataka and Maharashtra States. The pathogen i s very well established i n these States probably because of extensive and continuous cropping. Although we noted rust in Gujarat State the damage to the crop was negligible. This i s the first report of groundnut rust in Gujarat. The disease was not found by us i n Punjab State. Only uredospores were noticed on specimens collected from different parts of India.