Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most cultivated and consumed legumes worldwide. Brazil is one of the world's largest producers of this crop, which constitutes an important primary source of protein in the diet of its population. In the Northeast region, this legume is a key crop, especially for small family farmers. However, this region has high production susceptibility, which is mainly due to local climatic conditions and the low degree of technification employed. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the productive variations of the bean crop in the municipality of Dois Riachos, Semi-arid of Alagoas, in the period 1998-2015. The production data were obtained from the IBGE Municipal Agricultural Production database, using the Automatic Recovery System (SIDRA), and subjected to correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed high interannual variability in the production of beans, reflected in the strong oscillation of the analyzed variables. Significant correlations were observed between all variables. The PCA gathered 93.8% of the original data variance in its first two axes, generating 4 clusters that grouped years with similar productive characteristics. The reductions observed for the variables may be linked mainly to abiotic factors, such as the occurrence of prolonged droughts, and the low degree of technification used for this culture.
Estratégias de monitoramento da qualidade ambiental dos mais diversos ecossistemas vêm sendo desenvolvidos, principalmente para os ambientes aquáticos, espaços severamente atingidos pelas ações antrópicas. Dentre as técnicas desenvolvidas, destaca-se o uso de espécies bioindicadoras, organismos que apresentam sensibilidade a mudanças no meio e respondem a esses estímulos antropogênicos. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou analisar na literatura científica os avanços no uso desses organismos, com ênfase para a classe Insecta e sua aplicabilidade de utilização para o monitoramento da saúde ecológica de ecossistemas aquáticos. As principais ordens de insetos reportadas para utilização em bioindicação da qualidade ambiental de corpos hídricos são Diptera e Odonata. Chironomidae (Diptera) é frequentemente aplicada em estudos de contaminação de metais pesados, sendo analisado o desenvolvimento de suas larvas para fins de bioindicação, as quais se desenvolvem em contato com o sedimento, importante compartimento de acumulação de contaminantes no corpo aquático. Insetos da ordem Odonata podem ser utilizados na fase larval ou adulta para bioindicação cujas famílias podem responder às mudanças no meio, sendo algumas mais sensíveis que outras a mudanças ambientais. A utilização desses organismos pode representar uma estratégia eficiente no monitoramento desses ambientes, facilitando a interpretação dos efeitos dos impactos antrópicos sobre esses ecossistemas e em suas relações ecológicas. Palavras-chave: Recursos hídricos; monitoramento ambiental; Odonata; Diptera.
Agricultural production in semi-arid areas of the globe is dependent on species adapted to conditions of low availability of resources, such as water. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is a vegetable widely grown in regions with water restrictions, however, even with its good adaptability, it is vulnerable to the effects of prolonged droughts. In this sense, this research aimed to analyze the influence of rainfall patterns on the production dynamics of cowpea during the period of fifteen years (2002-2016) in the municipality of Conceição, Paraíba, Brazil. A correlation matrix was used to analyze the influence of precipitation on the production variables of the cowpea crop, as well as the relationship between these variables. Subsequently, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out. The results showed a strong reduction in the production variables of cowpea from the year 2012, which is due to the reduction of rainfall in this period and was proven through the correction matrix, which showed a positive correlation of rainfall mainly with the planted and harvested area. The PCA recorded 91.02% of explanation in the first two axes, and demonstrated that for production and productivity, other factors in addition to good rainfall levels are necessary to increase the productive results of cowpea in the municipality.
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