Sonodynamic treatment (SDT) is one of the non-invasive modalities for cancer treatment. In SDT, ultrasound, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from cavitation bubbles, and a sonosensitizer are used in combination. In this study, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) was employed as ultrasound to generate and oscillate cavitation bubbles. When cavitation bubbles oscillate and collapse, the gas inside the bubble is extremely compressed and heated, inducing ROS generation. The disadvantage of SDT is a long treatment time because of its smallness of a treatment region by a shot of HIFU. To overcome this, the effect of the intensity and interval of HIFU for oscillating cavitation bubbles was investigated by using luminol sonochemiluminescence and high-speed imaging. The results showed that a HIFU exposure sequence with an interval of 300 ms and a burst-wave intensity of 0.25 kW cm−2 improve the energy efficiency of ROS generation.
Sonodynamic treatment (SDT) is a non-invasive treatment of cancer, combining ultrasound, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and sonosensitizer. When cavitation bubbles generated by ultrasound oscillate and collapse, ROS are generated due to the high temperature and high pressure inside the bubble. By generating cavitation bubbles in a target tissue, it can be treated by the cytotoxicity of ROS, which can be further enhanced by a sonosensitizer. In SDT, the small treatment region by a single shot of HIFU results in a long treatment time, which needs to be reduced by improving the efficiency of ROS generation. ROS can be visualized by the sonochemiluminescence of luminol. In this study, a polyacrylamide gel soaked with luminol solution is used as a target of ultrasonic exposure. The effect of the duty cycle of HIFU exposure on ROS generation was investigated by capturing sonochemiluminescent light emission, and high-speed photography of cavitation bubbles.
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