Effect of ultrasonic intensity and intervals of ultrasonic exposure on efficiency of sonochemiluminescence in gel phantom for sonodynamic therapy

Abstract

Sonodynamic treatment (SDT) is one of the non-invasive modalities for cancer treatment. In SDT, ultrasound, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from cavitation bubbles, and a sonosensitizer are used in combination. In this study, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) was employed as ultrasound to generate and oscillate cavitation bubbles. When cavitation bubbles oscillate and collapse, the gas inside the bubble is extremely compressed and heated, inducing ROS generation. The disadvantage of SDT is a long treatment time because of its smallness of a treatment region by a shot of HIFU. To overcome this, the effect of the intensity and interval of HIFU for oscillating cavitation bubbles was investigated by using luminol sonochemiluminescence and high-speed imaging. The results showed that a HIFU exposure sequence with an interval of 300 ms and a burst-wave intensity of 0.25 kW cm−2 improve the energy efficiency of ROS generation.

In Situ Ultrasound Irradiation for Regulating the Electrochemiluminescence Intensity and Layer

“…Therefore, we speculated that the ECL signal below 0.6 V is generated by the cavitation effect of US . The cavitation bubbles generated by US oscillation provided enough heat and pressure to produce the sonochemical effects of molecular activation and dissociation . For aqueous solutions, cavitation of US generated ROS in solution .…”

“…62 The cavitation bubbles generated by US oscillation provided enough heat and pressure to produce the sonochemical effects of molecular activation and dissociation. 63 For aqueous solutions, cavitation of US generated ROS in solution. 62 The generated ROS reacted with luminol to produce chemiluminescence.…”

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Combined with Ti3C2–TiO2 to Enhance Electrochemiluminescence of Luminol for the Sensitive Detection of Polynucleotide Kinase

“…). 12,13 Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), as a noninvasive cancer treatment method, combines the characteristics of HIFU to generate ROS and the ability of sonosensitizer to enhance ROS generation and is applied to the treatment of cancer. 14−17 Inspired by the role of HIFU in SDT, we intend to introduce HIFU into the luminol−O 2 ECL system to enhance the conversion of dissolved O 2 to ROS in a noninvasive manner.…”

“…High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as a noninvasive and minimally invasive treatment tactic, has been widely used in cancer treatment and drug delivery . HIFU generates a high temperature and high-pressure environment by oscillating and collapsing cavitation bubbles, and the O 2 in the bubbles is converted into various ROS (H 2 O 2 , OH • , and O 2 •– ). , Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), as a noninvasive cancer treatment method, combines the characteristics of HIFU to generate ROS and the ability of sonosensitizer to enhance ROS generation and is applied to the treatment of cancer. − Inspired by the role of HIFU in SDT, we intend to introduce HIFU into the luminol–O 2 ECL system to enhance the conversion of dissolved O 2 to ROS in a noninvasive manner.…”

Boosting the electrochemiluminescence of luminol by high-intensity focused ultrasound pretreatment combined with 1T/2H MoS2 catalysis to construct a sensitive sensing platform

“…The cavitation bubble is generated by the high negative pressure in the focal region of HIFU, and then oscillated and collapsed by HIFU. When the bubble shrinks, water molecules or O 2 are thermically decomposed due to high temperature and pressure, and then the ROS are generated containing H 2 O 2 , superoxide anion radical (O 2 •− ), hydroxyl radical (OH•), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) [19] . ROS produced by HIFU is highly oxidized, which can induce apoptosis of cancer cells and treat cancer safely and effectively [20] , [21] .…”