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This paper aims to provide common basis for the estimation of emission inventory data necessary for the evaluation of environmental impact of a concrete structure through its life cycle. Intensive literature survey and hearing to the institutes concerned have been deliberately conducted to collect relevant data to concrete materials, other materials involved, construction, demolition, and disposal and recycling. Consequently emission inventory data of CO 2 , SO x , NO x , and particulate matter were able to be prepared in an objective way. In addition, fundamental inventory data of these emission gases and particulate matter were provided for various kinds of energy. Furthermore most commonly used machines, instruments and other equipments on concrete structure construction are presented and provided for their related inventory data. In this way, inventory data regarding 91 detail items in total were able to be provided. By using these inventory data, four case studies where environmental impact caused by the construction of concrete structures was considered as a performance parameter of the structures similarly to serviceability, safety, and durability of the structures were also investigated based on design methods proposed previously by the authors in order to confirm the applicability of these inventory data to environmental performance evaluation of concrete structures.

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A fault management technique for the optical path network employing WDM is proposed. Fault management is divided into optical path fault management and equipment fault management. The former always monitors the optical path and guarantees optical path !zansp~rt performance through the network. The latter starts isolating the failed optical module after detecting the optical path failure. For robust optical path fault management, the bit mor rate @ER) of the optical signal should be monitored. Realized by the bit interleaved parity technique, this can create effective fault management.

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